Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (
citrate synthase
)
4,488
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
RNAs of Rickettsia prowazekii, an obligate intracytoplasmic bacterium, have been identified and analyzed by an RNase protection assay. Total RNA, a mixture of host cell RNA and rickettsial RNA, was isolated from rickettsia-infected mouse L929 cells by the hot-
phenol
method. After hybridization with specific antisense RNA probes and digestion with RNase, the protected products were analyzed by electrophoresis and autoradiography. The results show that there is only one mRNA species for the ATP/ADP translocase gene (tlc) but two mRNA species for the
citrate synthase
gene (gltA). RNA half-lives were determined by measuring the RNA remaining after addition of rifampin. The half-lives of tlc mRNA, gltA mRNA I, and gltA mRNA II in R. prowazekii are 8.4 +/- 0.6, 12.3 +/- 1.3, and 20.5 +/- 1.8 min, respectively. However, the half-lives of tlc mRNA and gltA mRNA I in recombinant Escherichia coli strains are 2.9 +/- 0.1 and 1.4 +/- 0.1 min, respectively. The 16S rRNA in R. prowazekii was also examined and shown to be stable.
...
PMID:Identification of tlc and gltA mRNAs and determination of in situ RNA half-life in Rickettsia prowazekii. 769 26
The present experiment was designed to assess the effects of seed soaking with 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the physiology of
Brassica juncea
L. seedlings grown under imidacloprid (IMI) toxicity. Application of EBR increased the length of seedlings, dry weight, and pigment contents, polyphenols, total phenols, and organic acids under IMI toxicity. The expression of genes coding key enzymes of pigment, phenols, polyphenols, and organic acid biosynthetic pathways was also studied including
CHLASE
(chlorophyllase),
PSY
(phytoene synthase),
CHS
(chalcone synthase) and
PAL
(phenylalanine ammonialyase),
CS
(
citrate synthase
),
SUCLG1
(succinyl Co-A ligase,),
SDH
(succinate dehydrogenase),
FH
(fumarate hydratase),
MS
(malate synthase). Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis revealed that IMI application regressed negatively on seedling length, dry weight and total chlorophyll content. However, EBR seed treatment regressed positively on all the parameters studied. Moreover, interaction between IMI and EBR showed positive regression for growth parameters, content of pigments, total polyphenol, total
phenol
and malate, and expression of
PSY
and
PAL
. Negative interactions were noticed for the contents of fumarate, succinate and citrate, and expression of
CHS
and all genes studied related to organic acid metabolism. In conclusion, EBR enhanced the growth and contents of all studied metabolites by regulating the gene expression of
B. juncea
seedlings under IMI stress.
...
PMID:Pre-sowing Seed Treatment with 24-Epibrassinolide Ameliorates Pesticide Stress in
Brassica juncea
L. through the Modulation of Stress Markers. 2785 60
Phenol
is an important chemical product that can be used in a wide variety of applications, and it is currently produced from fossil resources. Fermentation production of
phenol
from renewable biomass resources by microorganisms is highly desirable for sustainable development. However,
phenol
toxicity hampers
phenol
production in industrial microorganisms such as
Escherichia coli
. In the present study, it was revealed that culturing
E. coli
in the presence of
phenol
not only decreased growth rate, but also biomass yield. This suggests that
phenol
affects the carbon flow of the metabolism, but the mechanism is unknown. To investigate the effect of
phenol
on the flux distribution of central carbon metabolism,
13
C-metabolic flux analysis (
13
C-MFA) was performed on cells grown under different
phenol
concentrations (0, 0.1, and 0.15%).
13
C-MFA revealed that the TCA cycle flux reduced by 25% increased acetate production from acetyl-CoA by 30% in the presence of 0.1%
phenol
. This trend of flux changes was emphasized at a
phenol
concentration of 0.15%. Although the expression level of
citrate synthase
, which catalyzes the first reaction of the TCA cycle, does not change regardless of
phenol
concentrations, the
in vitro
enzyme activity assay shows that the reaction was inhibited by
phenol
. These results suggest that the TCA cycle flux decreased due to
phenol
inhibition of
citrate synthase
; therefore, ATP could not be sufficiently produced by respiration, and growth rate decreased. Furthermore, since carbon was lost as acetate due to overflow metabolism, the biomass yield became low in the presence of
phenol
.
...
PMID:
13
C-Metabolic Flux Analysis Reveals Effect of Phenol on Central Carbon Metabolism in
Escherichia coli
. 3113 35
