Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (citrate synthase)
 4,488 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bartonella koehlerae is reported for the first time to be a human pathogen that causes culture-negative endocarditis. It is also shown that this species, isolated twice before from domestic cats, can be recovered as well from a stray cat population in Israel. This work follows a recent report of the same case in which the causative agent was misidentified as B. henselae, based on serology and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis (A. Schattner, O. Zimhony, B. Avidor, and M. Gilad, Lancet 361:1786, 2003). B. koehlerae was identified in the valvular tissue of an endocarditis patient by DNA sequencing of the PCR products of two Bartonella genes: the genes for citrate synthase (gltA) and riboflavin synthase (ribC). The commonly used PCR-RFLP analysis of the TaqI-digested gltA PCR product did not distinguish between B. koehlerae and B. quintana or between B. elizabethae and B. clarridgeiae. PmlI digestion of the gltA amplification product failed to differentiate between B. quintana, B. clarridgeiae, and B. elizabethae. RFLP analysis of the heat shock protein (htrA) gene by TaqI digestion misidentified B. koehlerae as B. henselae. However, RFLP analysis of the ribC PCR product, digested with TaqI, was able to distinguish between the human endocarditis-associated Bartonella species tested, B. henselae, B. quintana, B. elizabethae, and B. koehlerae, as well as between the cat-associated Bartonella species, B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae. Given the expanding number of Bartonella species emerging as human pathogens, it is suggested that PCR-RFLP analysis for the diagnosis of Bartonella infections target several genes and be coupled with DNA sequencing to avoid species identification.
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PMID:Bartonella koehlerae, a new cat-associated agent of culture-negative human endocarditis. 1529 84

A Bartonella sp. was isolated from sheep blood. Bacterial identification was conducted by using electron microscopy and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA, citrate synthase, riboflavin synthase, and RNAase P genes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ovine Bartonella infection.
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PMID:Isolation of Bartonella sp. from sheep blood. 1825 9

This long-term study of genetic diversity and epidemiology of the alpha-proteobacterium Bartonella in wild rodents from forest (Myodes glareolus and Apodemus flavicollis) and abandoned farmland (Microtus arvalis and Mi. oeconomus) was carried out in the years 2007-2009 in the Mazury Lakes District. In total, 1193 rodents were marked and recaptured, and 2226 blood samples were collected. The highest Bartonella prevalence was found in A. flavicollis (43.5%), the lowest in Mi. oeconomus (9.4%), while prevalence in My. glareolus and Mi. arvalis was, respectively, 13.2% and 11.8% (PCR of citrate synthase gltA gene fragment). Prevalence varied according to year and season, as well as sex of rodents. For woodland animals, a rapid decrease of prevalence was observed in late 2008, due to the dilution effect. Multiple (different species/genotypes of Bartonella in successive months) and mixed infections (more than one bacteria genotype in the same blood sample) were also diagnosed. Between 2835 and 4800000 colony forming units (CFU) per ml blood were recorded, with, for B. taylorii, significant differences between isolates from hosts belonging to different host families. Sequence analysis of 147 isolates revealed 37 gltA variants. In all four rodents, B. taylorii was the most prevalent, and could be divided into three main clades. One clade of B. grahamii was present in My. glareolus, A. flavicollis and Mi. arvalis, and both Microtus species were infected with a single clade of B. doshiae. A single isolate of B. birtlesii from A. flavicollis was collected, while two isolates could not be assigned to any known species. Nested clade analysis showed host specificity of 1st step clades (connected with rodent species) and 2nd step clades (connected with rodent family). Analysis was then extended to other housekeeping genes (cell division proteinftsZ, heat shock protein groEl, riboflavin synthase ribC, beta subunit RNA polymerase rpoB) and gene encoding 16S rRNA. Comparison of alleles of these genes in 27 isolates revealed numerous recombinant events, primarily involving groEl and 16S rRNA genes. Moreover, genetic recombination within housekeeping genes was also identified, and one of the unidentified Bartonella isolates was found to involve recombination within gltA between B. grahamii and B. taylorii. Examination of two T4SS pathogenicity genes (virB5 and bepA), revealed a similar pattern of extensive recombination. BepA from 17 isolates showed little diversity, concomitant with its role as an intra-cellular messenger. The virB5 gene (encoding a putative extra-cellular adhesin) from 22 isolates from voles (Arvicolidae) and A. flavicollis was distinctively different in sequence and putative structure, and showed a clear signature of horizontal gene transfer. Moreover, these recombinant events were often identified in the same isolates in which recombination of groEl or 16S rRNA was observed, suggesting that selection for this pathogenicity gene is important in the microevolution of Bartonella within rodents. In particular, Microtus spp. was central in the appearance of novel Bartonella isolates.
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PMID:[Diversity of blood parasites of genus Bartonella in wild rodents in Mazury Lakes District]. 2163 4

The presence of Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae and B. clarridgeiae in 209 fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) obtained from domestic cats and dogs in several locations in Malaysia was investigated in this study. Using a polymerase chain reaction specific for the citrate synthase (gltA) and 17-kD antigenic protein (17kD) genes of rickettsiae, we detected R. felis DNA in 6 (2.9%) fleas. For detection of bartonellae, amplification of the heme-binding protein (pap31) and riboflavin synthase (ribC) genes identified B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae DNA in 24 (11.5%) and 40 (19.1%) fleas, respectively. The DNA of B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae was detected in 10 (4.8%) fleas. Two B. henselae genogroups (Marseille and Houston-1) were detected in this study; genogroup Marseille (genotype Fizz) was found more often in the fleas. The findings in this study suggest fleas as potential vectors of rickettsioses and cat-scratch disease in this country.
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PMID:Molecular detection of Rickettsia felis, Bartonella henselae, and B. clarridgeiae in fleas from domestic dogs and cats in Malaysia. 2204 52

The prevalence and genetic characteristics of Bartonella species in eastern bent-wing bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) from Japan were investigated. Bartonella bacteria were isolated from 12/50 (24%) of bats examined. Analyses of sequence similarities of the citrate synthase gene (gltA) and RNA polymerase beta-subunit-encoding (rpoB) gene indicated that the isolates from M. fuliginosus were distinct from those present in known Bartonella species as the levels of similarity for both of the genes were lower than the cut-off values for species identification in Bartonella. A phylogenetic analysis of the gltA sequences revealed that the Miniopterus bat-associated strains fell into five genotypes (I to V). Though genotypes I to IV formed a clade with Bartonella from Miniopterus bats from Taiwan, genotype V made a monophyletic clade separate from other bat isolates. In a phylogenetic analysis with the concatenated sequences of the 16S rRNA, gltA, rpoB, cell division protein (ftsZ) gene, and riboflavin synthase gene (ribC), isolates belonging to genotypes I to IV clustered with Bartonella strains from Taiwanese Miniopterus bats, similar to the outcome of the phylogenetic analysis with gltA, whereas genotype V also made a monophyletic clade separate from other bat-associated Bartonella strains. The present study showed that M. fuliginosus in Japan harbor both genus Miniopterus-specific Bartonella suggesting to be specific to the bats in Japan.
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PMID:Isolation and genetic properties of Bartonella in eastern bent-wing bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) in Japan. 3238 Mar 14