Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.3.1 (citrate synthase)
 4,488 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemia, reperfusion, and subsequent free radical damage have been implicated in many voiding disorders. Our goal was to investigate further the mechanisms of these disorders, with particular emphasis on nerve and mitochondrial function and on detrusor smooth-muscle cells. The effects on contractile responses to various stimulations, citrate synthase, choline acetyltransferase activities, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter were evaluated after ischemia alone and ischemia/reperfusion 2 h, 7 days, and 14 days. Nerve density and detrusor cell apoptosis were also measured. The contractile responses were significantly decreased at both 7 and 14 days reperfusion, although at 14 days some recovery was observed. Similar patterns were seen for the intramural nerves, both nerve cell cytoskeletal structures and cholinergic neurotransmitters. Citrate synthase activity was also depressed by ischemia and 2 h reperfusion, but the activity recovered by 7 days. Detrusor cell apoptosis was not significantly affected by ischemia and 2 h reperfusion; but showed an approximately 14-fold increase at both 7 and 14 days reperfusion. Reperfusion following ischemia resulted in worsening intramural bladder nerve dysfunction, nerve fiber injury, mitochondrial injury, and damaged detrusor muscle cells. However, at 14 days reperfusion, nerve and mitochondrial regeneration occurred and resulted in partial recovery of contractile function.
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PMID:Effect of ischemia/reperfusion on bladder nerve and detrusor cell damage. 1899 34

There is a clear relationship between the pelvic floor muscles and urinary systems, which relates to urgency, frequency, incontinence, pelvic pain, and bowel complaints. The specific mechanisms which relate these two systems are not clear. Improved understanding of the relation between the pelvic floor muscles and bladder function is clinically relevant in establishing effective treatments to such problems as incontinence, secondary to birth. The following tissues were collected from normal adult female rabbits: pubococcygeus (Pc) and ischiocavernosus/bulbospongiosus (Ic/Bs) pelvic floor muscles. Bladder body muscle and mucosa, bladder base muscle and mucosa, and leg skeletal muscle were also collected. The following enzymatic assays were performed on each tissue: citrate synthase (CS), sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticular ATPase (SERCA), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). CS and SERCA activities were significantly higher in the Pc compared with the Ic/Bs pelvic floor muscles, whereas the ChAT activity of the Ic/Bs was higher than that of the Pc muscle. Based on our results, the Pc muscle is expected to have a significantly greater capacity to contract and a higher metabolic activity than those of the Ic/Bs muscles. We believe that an understanding of the biochemical activities of these three biomarker enzymes in normal pelvic floor muscles is essential in evaluating the effects of specific experimental dysfunctions created in pelvic floor muscle activity.
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PMID:Citrate synthase, sarcoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase, and choline acetyltransferase activities of specific pelvic floor muscles of the rabbit. 2291 11


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