Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)
 5,100 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability of recombinant DNA viruses to transfer genes into hematopoietic cells has been explored. A recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) in which the early region had been replaced with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene driven by the promoter from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), was constructed. This virus transferred the CAT gene more efficiently into mouse and human bone marrow cells and into the K562, MEL, and WEHI hematopoietic tissue culture cell lines, than the classical calcium phosphate DNA transfer procedure, as shown by assay for CAT activity 48 hr after infection. Recombinant SV40 virions were also shown to be capable of stably transforming Chinese hamster ovary cells by use of an early region recombinant containing the methotrexate-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene driven by the RSV promoter. The entire DHFR transcriptional unit could be detected in the genome of transformed cells that were also shown to be resistant to methotrexate. A recombinant adenovirus stock containing the neomycin-resistance gene driven by the SV40 early promoter was used to infect the K562 and MEL hematopoietic cell lines to resistance to the antibiotic G418. Transformation frequency was 10- to 100-fold higher than that obtained with calcium phosphate-precipitated DNA. Most or all of the recombinant adenovirus genome was integrated as 1-3 copies in the transformed cells. These studies show the feasibility of using DNA viruses for introduction of new genetic material into hematopoietic cells.
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PMID:Transfer of genes into hematopoietic cells using recombinant DNA viruses. 298 41

The beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta1,4GalNAc-T) (EC) gene is expressed in normal brain tissues and in various malignant transformed cells, such as malignant melanoma, neuroblastoma, and adult T cell leukemia. To analyze the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression, we determined the genomic organization of the beta1, 4GalNAc-T gene. The gene consists of at least 11 exons and spans >8 kilobase pairs. The coding region is located in exons 2-11. To determine the transcription initiation sites, 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis and ribonuclease protection assays were performed using RNA obtained from the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-31. Consequently, we defined three transcription initiation sites and the alternative usage of three exons. Exons 1a and 1b partially overlap; the latter is part (3'-side) of the former and corresponds to the 5'-noncoding region of the cDNA clone previously isolated. The third transcript, exon 1c, corresponds to nucleotides -520 to -412 (position +1 = A of ATG of beta1,4GalNAc-T cDNA), which are considered to be in intron 1 based on the cloned cDNA sequence. Ribonuclease protection assays revealed the corresponding protection bands in samples of the gene-expressing cell lines. 5'-Flanking regions of individual initiation sites showed promoter activity when analyzed by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay in SK-MEL-31 cells. The multiple transcription initiation sites and their promoters/enhancers identified here might be differentially involved in the cell type-specific expression of the beta1,4GalNAc-T gene. This gene was assigned to human chromosome 12q13.3 by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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PMID:Genomic organization and chromosomal assignment of the human beta1, 4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene. Identification of multiple transcription units. 870 39