Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)
 5,100 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have previously isolated a HeLa cell cDNA encoding a 21-kDa polypeptide that is 48% similar to transcription factor IIS. To explore the possibility that p21 plays a role in transcriptional regulation in vivo, we tested the effect of p21 expression on the synthesis of reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in transfected COS-1 cells. CAT formation under control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (RSV LTR) promoter was decreased nearly 20-fold in cells coexpressing p21. In contrast, CAT production under control of other sequence elements was only slightly reduced (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR, simian virus 40 early promoter), unaffected (human heat shock protein of 70-kDa promoter, adenovirus major late promoter TATA box), or increased (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase initiator element, c-fos promoter) by p21 coexpression as compared to cells cotransfected with the parental vector. The abundance of steady-state CAT transcripts from RSV LTR was also decreased by p21 expression in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that transcription of RSV LTR/CAT is under negative control by p21. Consistent with an effect on transcription, p21 was localized in nuclei of transfected cells. Deletion analysis of p21 indicated that the sequences essential for inhibition of RSV LTR function include the previously identified ARg/Ser-rich region and zinc finger-like motif. Proliferation of chicken embryo fibroblasts transfected with an infectious molecular clone of RSV was diminished by p21 expression, which also resulted in fewer transformed foci.
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PMID:Down-regulation of Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter activity by a HeLa cell basic protein. 797 97

In order to locate the promoter region of the human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase gene, serially truncated segments of the 5'-flanking region of the gene were cloned into a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter vector. Transient transfection analyses of the terminal transferase-reporter gene constructs identified the basal promoter region within -34 to +40 base pairs relative to the transcription start site. Three promoter elements were defined in this region. The primary element is within 34 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The CAP site is 62 base pairs upstream of the translation start site. The secondary element involves sequences around the transcription start site. The third is located 25 base pairs downstream from the initiation site (+25 to +40). This tripartite basal promoter was not tissue specific; similar patterns of promoter activity were observed in terminal transferase expressing and non-expressing cells. Transfection analyses also indicated the presence of negative regulatory elements upstream of the basal promoter region, and these elements were preferentially active in cells expressing terminal transferase.
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PMID:Identification of a tripartite basal promoter which regulates human terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase gene expression. 819 41

To better understand the role of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and its receptor in disease, we have isolated a genomic clone of the human IL-1 type I receptor and have identified the promoter region. There are multiple transcriptional initiation sites as demonstrated by primer extension. DNA sequence analysis shows that the promoter region contains neither a TATA nor a CAAT box; however, the 5' upstream regulatory elements contain two AP-1-like binding sites. The internal regulatory sequences found immediately downstream to the 5' transcriptional start site contain four Sp1 binding domains and have a high G+C content of 75%. This portion of the 5' untranslated region of the mRNA can form stable secondary structure as predicted by computer modeling. Base pairs -4 to + 10 share striking resemblance to an initiator sequence that directs basal expression of certain TATA-less genes-e.g., terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase in lymphocytes. The IL-1 receptor promoter directs basal expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in transiently transfected cells. Overall, the promoter of the IL-1 type I receptor gene resembles that of constitutively expressed genes that have housekeeping- and/or growth-related functions. The constitutive nature of the promoter may account for this gene being expressed at low levels in diverse cell types. Our finding sheds more understanding into the mechanisms governing the regulation of the IL-1 receptor in health and disease.
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PMID:Identification of the promoter region of human interleukin 1 type I receptor gene: multiple initiation sites, high G+C content, and constitutive expression. 846 Jan 36