Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)
 5,100 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 176 bp DNA sequence lying upstream of the octopine synthase (ocs) promoter, previously shown to have enhancer-like properties in transgenic tobacco [Ellis et al. (1987) EMBO J., 6, 11-16], functions as an enhancer in protoplasts of Zea mays (a monocot plant) and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (a dicotplant). We have characterized this element by transient expression assays using a linked alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh1) promoter from Z. mays and the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase coding sequences. The ocs sequence functions in both orientations but its enhancing activity is dependent upon its distance from the Adh1 promoter. Transient expression assays using deletion mutants and synthetic oligonucleotides show that a 16 bp palindrome ACGTAAGCGCTTACGT, contained within the 176 bp fragment, is essential and sufficient for enhancing activity in transient expression assays.
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PMID:The ocs element: a 16 base pair palindrome essential for activity of the octopine synthase enhancer. 1645 1

The first intron of the shrunken-1 (Sh1) locus of maize was incorporated into constructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) coupled with the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. Transcription was driven with the 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) or the Sh1 promoter of maize. Transient gene expression was monitored following electroporation into protoplasts of Panicum maximum (guineagrass), Pennisetum purpureum (napiergrass), or Zea mays (maize). The 1028 base pair intron increased gene expression in cells of each species when transcription was driven with the 35S promoter. Eleven to 91-fold increases were observed. Expression levels observed in maize were two and eight times those observed in napiergrass and guineagrass, respectively. The 35S promoter gave CAT activity 10 to 100 times that observed with the Sh1 promoter. Whereas expression driven by the 35S promoter was reproducible, that observed with the Sh1 promoter proved quite variable. In similar constructs the first intron of the alcohol dehydrogenase-1 (Adh1) gene of maize led to increased gene expression of only 7 to 10% of that observed with the Sh1 first intron. The increased level of gene expression caused by the Sh1 first intron is approximately 10 times higher than that caused by any other plant introns that have been used. Thus, the Sh1 first intron may prove quite useful in increasing expression of foreign genes in monocots and possibly other plants.
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PMID:Increased gene expression by the first intron of maize shrunken-1 locus in grass species. 1666 19


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