Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)
 5,100 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasmids of 70MDa from 6 Shigella sonnei isolates originating in Kaohsiung, Taiwan were found. All of them encoded resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. These plasmids belonged to the H II incompatibility group. The fertility inhibition property of plasmids was the fi- type. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed the six plasmids all had identical restriction patterns with BamH I, Hind III and Nru I. All six plasmids carried the type I chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and the class B tetracycline resistance gene as determined by Southern hybridization with DNA probes of various antimicrobial resistance genes. The results demonstrated that S. sonnei isolates harboured the same R plasmid.
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PMID:Characterization of R plasmids from Shigella sonnei in Taiwan. 804 80

Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into four groups, by either PFGE or REP-PCR, with 51, 17, 7, and 3 strains. The four strains of Shigella dysenteriae belonged to the same group, and the four strains of Shigella sonnei were distributed in two groups with three and one strain each. Plasmid analysis showed a high level of heterogeneity among strains belonging to the same PFGE group, while the antibiogram was less discriminative. REP-PCR provided an alternative, rapid, powerful genotyping method for Shigella spp. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (81.8%), chloramphenicol (72.7%), tetracycline (96.9%), and co-trimoxazole (87.9%). Ampicillin resistance was related to an integron-borne OXA-1-type beta-lactamase in 85.1% of the cases and to a TEM-1-type beta-lactamase in the remaining 14.8%. Resistance to co-trimoxazole was due to the presence of a dhfr Ia gene in all groups except one of S. flexneri, where a dhfr VII gene was found within an integron. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated in every case with positive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. All strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. Therefore, these antimicrobial agents may be good alternatives for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in Tanzania.
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PMID:Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania. 1048 63

Eighty isolates of Shigella spp. (37 Shigella flexneri and 43 Shigella sonnei) from patients with travellers' diarrhoea were studied. Susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin (65%), tetracycline (78%) and trimethoprim (75%), and particularly among the S. flexneri isolates. Dihydrofolate reductase 1 genes (dfrA1) were prevalent among the trimethoprim-resistant isolates, while oxa genes predominated among the ampicillin-resistant isolates. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated with production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, while nalidixic acid-resistant isolates had a single mutation in the gyrA gene. The results indicate a continuing need for resistance surveillance and rational use of antimicrobial agents.
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PMID:Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in Shigella spp. causing travellers' diarrhoea. 1630 63