Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.28 (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase)
 5,100 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The in vitro activity of three fluorine analogs of chloramphenicol in which the hydroxyl group at position 3 had been replaced with a fluorine was compared with that of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol. Compound SCH 24893 was the most active agent against staphylococci and Bacteroides strains, and compound SCH 25298 was the most active against Haemophilus, Neisseria, enterococcus, and Klebsiella strains. Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to chloramphenicol were resistant to the compounds. The agents inhibited all of the Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus strains resistant to chloramphenicol. They inhibited most (82%) of Escherichia coli and half of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strains which were resistant to chloramphenicol. Isolates in which resistance to chloramphenicol was shown to be plasmic mediated and due to chloramphenicol transacetylase were inhibited by all three agents.
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PMID:In vitro activity of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol analogs. 744 8

Eighty-six strains of Shigella spp. were isolated during the dry season from stool samples of children under 5 years of age in Ifakara, Tanzania. The epidemiological relationship as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole were investigated. Four different epidemiological tools, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR, plasmid analysis, and antibiogram, were compared for typing Shigella strains. Seventy-eight (90%) strains were Shigella flexneri and were distributed into four groups, by either PFGE or REP-PCR, with 51, 17, 7, and 3 strains. The four strains of Shigella dysenteriae belonged to the same group, and the four strains of Shigella sonnei were distributed in two groups with three and one strain each. Plasmid analysis showed a high level of heterogeneity among strains belonging to the same PFGE group, while the antibiogram was less discriminative. REP-PCR provided an alternative, rapid, powerful genotyping method for Shigella spp. Overall, antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high level of resistance to ampicillin (81.8%), chloramphenicol (72.7%), tetracycline (96.9%), and co-trimoxazole (87.9%). Ampicillin resistance was related to an integron-borne OXA-1-type beta-lactamase in 85.1% of the cases and to a TEM-1-type beta-lactamase in the remaining 14.8%. Resistance to co-trimoxazole was due to the presence of a dhfr Ia gene in all groups except one of S. flexneri, where a dhfr VII gene was found within an integron. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated in every case with positive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. All strains were susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and cefoxitin. Therefore, these antimicrobial agents may be good alternatives for the treatment of diarrhea caused by Shigella in Tanzania.
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PMID:Typing and characterization of mechanisms of resistance of Shigella spp. isolated from feces of children under 5 years of age from Ifakara, Tanzania. 1048 63

Eighty isolates of Shigella spp. (37 Shigella flexneri and 43 Shigella sonnei) from patients with travellers' diarrhoea were studied. Susceptibility tests revealed high levels of resistance, especially to ampicillin (65%), tetracycline (78%) and trimethoprim (75%), and particularly among the S. flexneri isolates. Dihydrofolate reductase 1 genes (dfrA1) were prevalent among the trimethoprim-resistant isolates, while oxa genes predominated among the ampicillin-resistant isolates. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated with production of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, while nalidixic acid-resistant isolates had a single mutation in the gyrA gene. The results indicate a continuing need for resistance surveillance and rational use of antimicrobial agents.
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PMID:Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance to several antimicrobial agents in Shigella spp. causing travellers' diarrhoea. 1630 63