Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.21 (CPT)
 4,580 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

As part of an ongoing search for susceptibility genes in obese families, we performed linkage analyses in 101 French families between qualitative and quantitative traits related to morbid obesity and polymorphisms located in or near 15 candidate genes whose products are involved in body weight regulation. These included cholecystokinin A and B receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), the LIM/homeodomain islet-1 gene (Isl-1), the caudal-type homeodomain 3 (CDX-3), the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1), the beta3-adrenoceptor (beta3-AR), the fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP-2), the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), the lipoprotein lipase (LPL), the apoprotein-C2 (apo-C2), the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and the liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1). Phenotypes related to obesity such as BMI, adult life body weight gain, fasting leptin, insulin, fasting glycerol, and free fatty acids were used for nonparametric sib-pair analyses. A weak indication for linkage was obtained between the Isl-1 locus and obesity status defined by a z score over one SD of BMI (n = 226 sib pairs, pi = 0.54 +/- 0.02, P = 0.03). Moreover, a suggestive indication for linkage was found between the Isl-1 locus and BMI and leptin values (P = 0.001 and 0.0003, respectively) and leptin adjusted for BMI (P = 0.0001). Multipoint analyses for leptin trait with Isl-1 and two flanking markers (D5S418 and D5S407) showed that the logarithm of odds (LOD) score is 1.73, coinciding with the Isl-1 locus. Although marginally positive indications for linkage in subgroups of families were found with IRS-1, CPT-1, and HSL loci, our data suggested that these genes are not major contributors to obesity. Whether an obesity susceptibility gene (Isl-1 itself or another nearby gene) lies on chromosome 5q should be determined by further analyses.
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PMID:A sib-pair analysis study of 15 candidate genes in French families with morbid obesity: indication for linkage with islet 1 locus on chromosome 5q. 1033 20

Osthole is an agent isolated from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson and Angelica pubescens and has been used to treat several diseases, including metabolic syndromes. To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of osthole in diabetic db/db mice and the underlying mechanisms of these effects by in vitro assay, diabetic db/db mice and cell experiments were utilized to understand its possible effects. Osthole significantly activated both PPARalpha and PPARgamma in a dose-dependent manner based on the results of the transition transfection assay. The activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by osthole also resulted in an increase in the expression of PPAR target genes such as PPAR itself, adipose fatty acid-binding protein 2, acyl-CoA synthetases, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A. In vitro results suggested that osthole might be a dual PPARalpha/gamma activator, but its chemical structure differed from that of the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic drugs. In addition, osthole markedly activated the AMP-activated protein kinase and its downstream acetyl CoA carboxylase molecules by increasing their phosphorylation levels. Finally, obese diabetic db/db mice were treated with osthole by different administered routes, and osthole was found to markedly reduce blood glucose level. Interestingly, osthole did not reduce the blood insulin or lipid levels, two phenomena that did occur in animals treated with insulin sensitizers like PPAR agonists. These results suggest that osthole can alleviate hyperglycemia and could be potentially developed into a novel drug for treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Osthole, a potential antidiabetic agent, alleviates hyperglycemia in db/db mice. 1968 41