Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.21 (CPT)
 4,580 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

14(R,S)-[18F]Fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) is a new radiolabeled long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) analog designed to undergo metabolic trapping subsequent to its commitment to the beta-oxidation pathway. Sulfur-substitution at the sixth carbon of FTHA causes a prolonging of myocardial clearance half-time (T 1/2 approximately 2 hr) in mice with little diminution of myocardial uptake (39.8 +/- 3.0% ID/g at 5 min). Heart-to-blood ratios were 20 +/- 6 and 82 +/- 16 at 1 and 60 min, respectively. In contrast, the 3-thia analog, 13(R,S)-[18F]-fluoro-3-thia-hexadecanoic acid, showed lower uptake and poor retention by heart. Myocardial uptake of FTHA was reduced by 81% (p less than 10(-5) and 87% (p less than 5 x 10(-4] in mice pretreated with the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor, 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA) at 1 and 60 min, respectively. Radioanalytical studies showed the major metabolic fate of FTHA in control and POCA treated myocardium to be unidentified metabolite(s) that bind to tissue protein. Smaller amounts of 18F radioactivity were present in myocardium as complex lipids, fatty acid, and unidentified soluble metabolites. The results indicate metabolic trapping of FTHA in myocardium subsequent to its entry into the mitochondrion and encourage its further evaluation as a PET tracer of myocardial LCFA utilization.
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PMID:14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA): evaluation in mouse of a new probe of myocardial utilization of long chain fatty acids. 191 27

Previously we showed that when the gill muscles of the venerid clam Mercenaria mercenaria are stimulated to contract by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), the contraction is about doubled when another identical dose of 5HT is applied after washout. Furthermore, this "endogenous potentiation" is mimicked by nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized in the gill. We now report that the isolated gills also synthesize H2S; the basal rate of synthesis was 0.70 micromol.g(-1).h(-1) (se = 0.14; n = 24), but in the presence of 5HT (10(-2) M), the rate increased markedly to 35.82 micromol.g(-1).h(-1) (se = 4.93; n = 4). In addition, dithiothreitol (DTT; 2.2 mM) increased the rate of synthesis significantly to 4.9 micromol.g(-1).h(-1) (se = 0.8; n = 8). Stimulation of H2S synthesis by 5HT (5 x 10(-3) M) was seasonal; that is, the rates measured monthly from December through June are significantly lower than those measured from July through November. We also found that if isolated gills were pretreated with the H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), their contractions in response to 5HT were potentiated. The threshold of the potentiation was 10(-8) M NaHS, and the largest effect was at 10(-6) M. During August, however, when endogenous and NO-induced potentiations are both absent, 10(-6) M NaHS was also ineffective. Like the effect of NO, that of NaHS (10(-6) M) was blocked by oxadiasoloquinoxalin (ODQ; 5 x 10(-5) M), an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). Moreover, Rp-8-CPT-cGMPS (10(-5) M), which inhibits protein kinase-G, also blocked the effect of NaHS (10(-6) M). When isolated gills were treated with 2.2 mM DTT, the endogenous potentiation of a second 5HT-induced contraction more than doubled in comparison to untreated controls. In conclusion, H2S is synthesized in the gill and, along with NO, is a seasonal, endogenous modulator of branchial muscle contraction; its action may be mediated through a sGC/cGMP signaling cascade.
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PMID:Hydrogen sulfide is synthesized in the gills of the clam Mercenaria mercenaria and acts seasonally to modulate branchial muscle contraction. 1611 90