Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.177 (BIS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a pilot clinical study carcinoma patients with malignant ascites or pleural exudates have been treated locally with autologous lymphocytes activated ex vivo and redirected towards tumour cells with bispecific monoclonal antibodies. BIS-1, the bispecific monoclonal antibody used in this study, combines specificity against a tumour-associated antigen, AMOC-31, present on carcinomas, with a specificity against the CD3 complex on T lymphocytes. Patients selected for treatment had malignant pleural or peritoneal effusions. Treatment consisted of isolating autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, ex vivo activation, incubation with bispecific monoclonal antibodies and injection at the effusion site of these BIS-1-redirected lymphocytes. To evaluate the effects of the bispecific monoclonal antibody, five patients received treatments with activated lymphocytes without bispecific antibodies. Effusion samples taken before and at various times after treatment were analysed by immunocytology and for the presence of the soluble factors carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), C-reactive protein and soluble CD8. In this way both immune activation and anti-tumour activity could be monitored. Conjugate formation between tumour cells and activated lymphocytes was seen as soon as 4 h after injection of BIS-1-redirected activated lymphocytes, followed by a disappearance or reduction of tumour cells after 24-48 h. In parallel with this, the soluble tumour marker CEA decreased in the effusion fluid following injection with the BIS-1-redirected lymphocytes. Furthermore, a steep increase in local granulocyte numbers was observed in the effusion fluid, which reached a maximum 24-48 h after the start of the treatment. Also levels of IL-6 and TNF were greatly elevated. The data suggest that the treatment induces both antitumour activity and a strong local inflammatory reaction. This is accompanied by no or only minor local and systemic toxicity, i.e. mild fever, which disappeared as the local inflammatory reaction diminished 48-72 h after treatment.
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PMID:Local antitumour treatment in carcinoma patients with bispecific-monoclonal-antibody-redirected T cells. 790 11

In a phase I trial the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of combined treatment with intravenous (i.v.) bispecific monoclonal antibody BIS-1 and subcutaneous (s.c.) interleukin 2 (IL-2) was studied in renal cell cancer patients. BIS-1 combines a specificity against CD3 on T lymphocytes with a specificity against a 40 kDa pancarcinoma-associated antigen, EGP-2. Patients received BIS-1 F(ab')2 fragments intravenously at doses of 1, 3 and 5 micrograms kg-1 body weight during a concomitantly given standard s.c. IL-2 treatment. For each dose, four patients were treated with a 2 h BIS-1 infusion in the second and fourth week of IL-2 therapy. Acute BIS-1 F(ab')2-related toxicity with symptoms of chills, peripheral vasoconstriction and temporary dyspnoea was observed in 2/4 and 5/5 patients at the 3 and 5 micrograms kg-1 dose level respectively. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BIS-1 F(ab')2 was 5 micrograms kg-1. Elevated plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were detected at the MTD. Flow cytometric analysis showed a dose-dependent binding of BIS-1 F(ab')2 to circulating T lymphocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated after treatment with 3 and 5 micrograms kg-1 BIS-1, showed increased specific cytolytic capacity against EGP-2+ tumour cells as tested in an ex vivo performed assay. Maximal killing capacity of the PBMCs, as assessed by adding excess BIS-1 to the assay, was shown to be decreased after BIS-1 infusion at 5 micrograms kg-1 BIS-1 F(ab')2. A BIS-1 F(ab')2 dose-dependent disappearance of circulating mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood was observed. Within the circulating CD3+ CD8+ lymphocyte population. LFA-1 alpha-bright and HLA-DR+ T-cell numbers decreased preferentially. It is concluded that i.v. BIS-1 F(ab')2, when combined with s.c. IL-2, has a MTD of 5 micrograms kg-1. The treatment endows the T lymphocytes with a specific anti-EGP-2-directed cytotoxic potential.
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PMID:Phase I study of intravenously applied bispecific antibody in renal cell cancer patients receiving subcutaneous interleukin 2. 791 12

An alpha-sialoside linked to acrylamide by a short connector (5-acetamido-2-O-(N-acryloyl-8-amino-5-oxaoctyl)-2,6-anhydro-3,5-d ideoxy-D-galacto-alpha-nonulopyranosonoic acid, 1) was prepared. Compound 1 formed high molecular weight copolymers with acrylamide, derivatives of acrylamide, and/or vinylpyrrolidone upon photochemically-initiated free radical polymerization. Those copolymers for which the substituents on the acrylamido nitrogen were small inhibited the agglutination of chicken erythrocytes induced by influenza virus (X-31 (H3N2); a recombinant strain of A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/Puerto Rico/8/34 grown in chicken eggs). The inhibitory power of the polymers depended strongly on the conditions of polymerization and the sialic acid content of the polymer. The strongest inhibitors were copolymers (poly(1-co-acrylamide)) formed from mixtures of monomer containing [1]/([1] + [acrylamide]) approximately 0.2-0.7; these copolymers inhibited hemagglutination 10(4)-10(5) times more strongly than did similar concentrations of alpha-methyl sialoside (calculated on the basis of the total concentration of individual sialic acid groups in the solution, whether attached to polymer or present as monomers). Samples polymerized in the presence of low concentrations of cross-linking reagents (bis(acrylamido)methane, BIS, and 2,2'-bis(acrylamido)ethyl disulfide, BAC) also showed increased inhibition (10-10(3)-fold relative to monomers), but their use was limited by their poor solubility. Sterically demanding substituents on any position of the acrylamide component (substituents attached to the vinyl group or N-alkyl groups that are larger than hydroxyethyl) reduced the inhibitory power of the polymer. A 1H NMR assay and a fluorescence depolarization assay showed that poly(1-co-acrylamide) bound to a solubilized trimeric form of the viral receptor for sialic acid (bromelain cleaved hemagglutinin, BHA), less tightly than 1, on a per sialic acid basis. A similar result was also obtained with a model system comprising lactic dehydrogenase (a tetramer) and polymeric derivatives of oxamic acid: that is, poly((28, 29, 30, or 31)-co-acrylamide) had a higher inhibition constant for tetrameric lactic dehydrogenase than did the corresponding monomers (28, 29, 30, or 31) on a per oxamate basis. Poly(1-co-acrylamide) is, in principle, capable of inhibiting the agglutination of erythrocytes by several mechanisms: (1) entropically enhanced binding of the polymer (acting as a polyvalent inhibitor) to the surface of the virus; (2) steric interference of the approach of the virus to the surface of the erythrocyte by a water-swollen layer of the polymer on the surface of the virus; (3) aggregation of the virus induced by the polymer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Polyacrylamides bearing pendant alpha-sialoside groups strongly inhibit agglutination of erythrocytes by influenza A virus: multivalency and steric stabilization of particulate biological systems. 793 70

Single-frequency bioelectrical-impedance analyses (BIA) and bioelectrical spectroscopy (modeling multifrequency measurements; BIS) were validated as methods to predict body water (BW) compartments in 29 healthy adults. Total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) were determined by deuterium- and bromide-dilution techniques. Contribution of BIA to anthropometry and influence of the position of electrodes were examined. Stepwise-regression analysis revealed that inclusion of BIA to anthropometric data greatly improved the fit with BW compartments. Highly significant correlations were observed between BIS and BW compartments (TBW: r2 = 0.98, SEE = 1.2; ECW: r2 = 0.95, SEE = 0.6). Cross-correlation (14 males, and 15 females) indicated predictive potential of the method. Results from BIS and BIA were comparable, but it is argued that BIS has the potential of improved standardization of the method.
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PMID:Validation of bioelectrical-impedance measurements as a method to estimate body-water compartments. 776 36

A randomized clinical trial was under-taken to compare the retention of a silver cermet-ionomer cement, Ketac Silver, with a conventional, autopolymerizing BIS-GMA resin sealant, Delton, using matched pairs of fissure sites within each subject's mouth. One hundred twenty matched contralateral pairs of fissure sites in first and second permanent molars of 53 school children were sealed with the two materials. The choice of site and material was selected at random. The ages of the children ranged from five to 16 years; first permanent molars were sealed in the five- to 10-year age group, and second permanent molars in the 11- to 16-year age group. Sealants were assessed as present, partly present, or absent at 6, 12, and 24 months. The number of pairs of sites available for reassessment declined from 102 at six months to 59 at 24 months as patients were lost to the study. Retention rates were higher for the Ketac Silver sealants at all three inspection intervals (P < 0.01): 93% compared with 74% at six months, 81% compared with 65% at 12 months, and 83% compared with 58% at 24 months. When analyzed according to age range, the difference between the retention rates was statistically significant in the five- to 10-year-olds but not significant in the 11- to 16-year-olds. The conclusion reached in this study was that cermet cement was better retained than conventional resin sealants in younger children.
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PMID:A clinical trial to evaluate the retention of a silver cermet-ionomer cement used as a fissure sealant. 815 83

White spot lesions of enamel around orthodontic brackets as a result of demineralization have been well documented in the orthodontic literature. Various methods of treatment have been attempted to reduce or eliminate this danger. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of scanning electron microscopy, the polymerization of the sealant layer around orthodontic brackets with direct and indirect methods of bonding. Twenty-four sound human lateral maxillary incisor teeth were collected, cleaned, divided equally into four groups A through D, and stored in 70% ethyl alcohol. Their buccal surfaces were pumiced, etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 1 minute, and washed under running water for 30 seconds. Metal brackets were bonded with the chemically cured BIS-GMA resin, Ortho Concise, as follows: group A, indirectly bonded with coping; group B, indirectly bonded without coping; and group C, directly bonded; light activated Transbond was used in group D, directly bonded brackets. After washing in alcohol for 20 seconds, all teeth were dried, and sectioned longitudinally, through the middle of the bracket. All were subjected to 5% hydrochloric acid for 30 seconds and then washed under running water for 30 seconds. After drying and sputter coating, the teeth were viewed under scanning electron microscopy. Groups A and D showed a sealant layer surrounding the brackets and covering the buccal enamel. Groups B and C showed total absence of a cured sealant layer around the brackets or surrounding enamel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Some "sealants" seal--a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation. 815 61

This study determined the effect of new adhesive luting agents on the marginal seating of cast restorations. Standardized preparations were completed on freshly extracted premolars, impressions were made, and complete metal veneer crowns were cast with a base metal alloy. The castings were placed on their respective teeth and the extent of marginal opening was recorded. They were then assigned to a luting agent group: glass ionomer cement (GI), polycarboxylate cement (PC), microfilled BIS-GMA composite resin with NPG-GMA/PMDM dentinal bonding agent (GMA + NPG), microfilled BIS-GMA/phosphate ester composite resin (GMA/PE), or zinc phosphate cement (ZP). The castings were cemented and marginal openings remeasured. ANOVA revealed that the cement groups were similar before cementation (p 0.35) but were different after cementation (p < 0.0001). Tukey's multiple comparisons test identified statistically similar groups that were different from other groups and ranked them from lesser to greater marginal opening: (GI, ZP, PC) (GMA/PE, GMA + NPG).
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PMID:Effect of adhesive luting agents on the marginal seating of cast restorations. 845 64

One of the criteria for the Dental Restorative Material is to not to evoke sensitization reaction when used clinically. The newly synthesized BIS-GMA based Chitra's Dental Material intended for such application was tested for skin sensitization as per the international protocol of test i.e. skin Maximization test in G.Pig. Result of this test showed conclusively that the material is devoid of sensitization potential and fit for clinical application.
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PMID:Skin sensitization study of a new BIS-GMA based dental restorative material. 846 40

Composite resins are routinely classified on the basis of filler particle size for purposes of research, clinical applications, and communications. The size and characterizations of filler particles have also been considered a significant factor in the rate of wear of composites. Making valid correlations between the filler particles within a composite and wear requires accuracy of filler particle size and characterization. This study was initiated to examine two methods that would (1) qualify the filler particle content of a composite resin and (2) quantify the number, size, and the area occupied by the filler particles in composite resins. Three composite resins, BIS-FIL I, Visio-Fil, and Ful-Fil, were selected as the materials to be examined, on the basis of their published composite classification type as fine particle. The findings demonstrated that scientific methods are available to examine qualitatively and measure quantitatively the composite resin filler particles in terms of their numbers, sizes, and area occupied by use of a scanning electron microscope and digital imaging. Significant differences in the filler particle numbers, sizes, and the area occupied were found for the three composite resins in this study that were classified as fine particle.
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PMID:Measurement of composite resin filler particles by using scanning electron microscopy and digital imaging. 846 73

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by epoxy di(meth)acrylates or bisphenol A is rare. Here 2 such cases are reported. A dental assistant had allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by bisphenol A contained in dental composite resin (DCR) products based on epoxy dimethacrylate. The contact allergy was verified by allergic patch test reactions to bisphenol A and 2 DCRs. The DCRs giving allergic reactions were analyzed, and 0.014-0.015% of bisphenol A was detected. Occupational ACD caused by bisphenol A in dental composite resins has not been described before. The other patient was a male process worker in a paint factory. He was sensitized by an epoxy diacrylate, 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-acryloxypropoxy)phenyl]-propane (BIS-GA), and other acrylate compounds contained in raw materials of ultraviolet-light-curable paint. The epoxy diacrylate gave an allergic patch test reaction down to 0.016% in pet. He also had an allergic patch test reaction to several other acrylate compounds, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, and tripropylene glycol diacrylate, indicating cross and/or concomitant sensitization.
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PMID:Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by epoxy diacrylate in ultraviolet-light-cured paint, and bisphenol A in dental composite resin. 854 51


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