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Query: EC:2.3.1.177 (BIS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The latent structure, reliability, and validity of the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales (BIS/BAS; C. L. Carver and T. L. White, 1994) were examined in a large sample of outpatients (N = 1,825) with anxiety and mood disorders. Four subsamples were used for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. In addition to generally upholding a latent structure found previously in nonclinical samples, results indicated measurement invariance of the BIS/BAS between genders and a higher order structure of the BAS scales. Convergent and discriminant validity of the BIS/BAS were supported by findings that the subscales correlated most strongly with measures of neighboring personality constructs (e.g., BIS with neuroticism, BAS with positive affect) than with measures of current anxiety and depression symptoms. Overall, the results support the psychometric properties of the BIS/BAS in this clinical sample.
Psychol Assess 2004 Sep
PMID:Psychometric evaluation of the behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation scales in a large sample of outpatients with anxiety and mood disorders. 1545 80

Regular checks on the performance of radiotherapy treatment units are essential and a variety of protocols has been published. These protocols identify that the determination of isocentre must be accurate and unambiguous since both the localization of a radiation field on a patient and positioning aids are referenced to it. An EPID (BIS 710) with a combined light and radiation scintillation detector screen was used to assess mechanical and radiation isocentres for different collimator and gantry angles. Crosshair positions within light field images were determined from fitted Gaussian intensity profiles and then used to calculate the displacement of the mechanical isocentre. For comparison, the position of the crosshair was also recorded on a graph paper. The radiation field centre was first calculated from the set up geometry for given gantry/collimator angles and then compared with measured values to assess the displacement of the radiation isocentre. The radiation isocentre was also checked by locating a marker, positioned on the couch, on the EPID radiation images for different treatment couch angles. The mechanical and radiation isocentres were determined from the EPID light field and radiation images respectively with an accuracy of 0.3 mm using simple PC based programs. The study has demonstrated the feasibility of using the EPID to assess mechanical and radiation isocentres of a linear accelerator in a quick and efficient way with a higher degree of accuracy achieved as compared to more conventional methods, e.g. the star shot.
Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 2004 Sep
PMID:The linear accelerator mechanical and radiation isocentre assessment with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID). 1558 Aug 40

Conventional bioimpedance spectrometers measure resistance and reactance over a range of frequencies and, by application of a mathematical model for an equivalent circuit (the Cole model), estimate resistance at zero and infinite frequencies. Fitting of the experimental data to the model is accomplished by iterative, nonlinear curve fitting. An alternative fitting method is described that uses only the magnitude of the measured impedances at four selected frequencies. The two methods showed excellent agreement when compared using data obtained both from measurements of equivalent circuits and of humans. These results suggest that operational equivalence to a technically complex, frequency-scanning, phase-sensitive BIS analyser could be achieved from a simple four-frequency, impedance-only analyser.
Physiol Meas 2006 Sep
PMID:Determination of Cole parameters in multiple frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis using only the measurement of impedances. 1686 50

The interaction of many poorly defined, physiological, pharmacological, and pathological factors make titration of general anaesthesia in the elderly difficult. There may be a potential clinical benefit using the processed electroencephalogram (EEG) to monitor hypnotic level in this population. We prospectively studied 16 patients aged over 65 years having hip fractures repaired under general anaesthesia by experienced anaesthetists blinded to Bispectral Index (BIS(XP)) and Entropy values. Pre-induction EEG indices did not correlate with age or mini-mental state examination (MMSE). During maintenance of anaesthesia, BIS(XP) and Response Entropy (RE) values were within the recommended range of 40-60, 45% and 32% of the total time, respectively. BIS(XP) and Response Entropy (RE) values were above 60 for 11% and 13% of the total time, respectively, and below 40 for 44% and 55% of the total time, respectively. BIS(XP) correlated well with RE in 12 patients, but in the other four patients there was a difference of more than 20 points between BIS(XP) and RE.
Anaesthesia 2007 Sep
PMID:BIS and Entropy in the elderly. 1769 17

The water samples from the shallow aquifers of Makur, Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh, was analyzed for fluoride content (F( - )) and other water quality parameters such as pH, EC, CO(3) (2-), HCO(3) (-), Cl( - ), Na( + ), Ca(2 + ), Mg(2 + ) and RSC. It was found that the F( - ) concentration of water varied between 1.05 to 13.9 mgl( - 1) which exceeded the maximum desirable limits of 1.0 mgl( - 1) of F( - ) as laid down by BIS and 68% of water exceeded maximum permissible limits of 1.5 mgl( - 1) as prescribed by WHO. The correlation study of fluoride indicated that F( - ) has a significant (p < 0.05) positive relationship with pH (r = +0.59) and RSC (r = 0.54), while a significant negative correlation with Ca+Mg (r = -0.53) and Mg (r = -0.49). The exposure doses of fluoride in infants was found between 0.35 to 3.26 mg kg( - 1)day( - 1) (if dug well water was used) whereas 0.36 to 4.63 mg kg( - 1)day( - 1) (when shallow hand pumps) The exposure doses of water in case of children (20 kg body weight) varied between 0.157 to 1.47 mg kg( - 1)day( - 1) (for dugwell) and 0.162 to 2.08 mg kg( - 1)day( - 1) (for shallow hand pumps) whereas in case of adults (70 kg body weight), it varied between 0.09 to 0.839 mg kg( - 1)day( - 1) (for dugwell) and 0.092 to 1.19 mg kg( - 1)day( - 1) (shallow hand pumps) which is quite high against the standard value of 0.05 mg/kg/day which is the minimum risk level (MRL) calculated by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). The maximum exposure dose to fluoride for adults in the study area found to be 23.8 times higher than the ATSDR's MRL.
Environ Monit Assess 2009 Sep
PMID:Fluoride occurrence and assessment of exposure dose of fluoride in shallow aquifers of Makur, Unnao district Uttar Pradesh, India. 1870 98

This paper presents the application of predictive control to drug dosing during anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery. The performance of a generic predictive control strategy in drug dosing control, with a previously reported anesthesia-specific control algorithm, has been evaluated. The robustness properties of the predictive controller are evaluated with respect to inter- and intrapatient variability. A single-input (propofol) single-output (bispectral index, BIS) model of the patient has been assumed for prediction as well as for simulation. A set of 12 patient models were studied and interpatient variability and disturbances are used to assess robustness of the controller. Furthermore, the controller guarantees the stability in a desired range. The applicability of the predictive controller in a real-life environment via simulation studies has been assessed.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2008 Sep
PMID:Robust predictive control strategy applied for propofol dosing using BIS as a controlled variable during anesthesia. 1871 85

Impulsivity has been identified as a behavioral precursor to addiction, and may be the manifestation of a neurological vulnerability. The present study investigated whether individual differences in impulsivity were associated with performance on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT, a test of emotional decision making thought to be associated in part with ventromedial prefrontal cortex function) and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST, a set-shifting thought to be associated in part with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex function). Subjects were screened for impulsivity using the BIS-11 (self-report) and a delay discounting questionnaire (a behavioral measure of impulsivity). High impulsivity was associated with poorer performance on the final block of trials of the IGT but was not significantly related to WCST performance. Both measures were significantly correlated with scores on the BIS. These results provide support for hypothesis that, in a nonclinical sample, impulsivity may vary systematically with performance on neuropsychological indicators of prefrontal function.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2008 Sep
PMID:Relation of individual differences in impulsivity to nonclinical emotional decision making. 1876 83

The fields of personality research and neuropsychology have developed with very little overlap. Gray and McNaughton were among the first to recognize that personality traits must have neurobiological correlates and developed models relating personality factors to brain structures. Of particular note was their description of associations between conditioning, inhibition and activation of behaviours, and specific neural structures such as the hippocampus, amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. The aim of this study was to determine whether personality constructs representing the behavioural inhibition and activation systems (BIS/BAS) were associated with volumetric measures of the hippocampus and amygdala in humans. Amygdalar and hippocampal volumes were measured in 430 brain scans of cognitively intact community-based volunteers. Linear associations between brain volumes and the BIS/BAS measures were assessed using multiple regression, controlling for age, sex, education, intra-cranial and total brain volume. Results showed that hippocampal volumes were positively associated with BIS sensitivity and to a lesser extent with BAS sensitivity. No association was found between amygdalar volume and either the BIS or BAS. These findings add support to the model of Gray and McNaughton, which proposes a role of the hippocampus in the regulation of defensive/approach behaviours and trait anxiety but suggest an absence of associations between amygdala volume and BIS/BAS measures.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2008 Sep
PMID:Hippocampal volume is positively associated with behavioural inhibition (BIS) in a large community-based sample of mid-life adults: the PATH through life study. 1901 18

Cell cultures of Sorbus aucuparia respond to the addition of chitosan with the accumulation of the biphenyl phytoalexin aucuparin. The carbon skeleton of this inducible defense compound is formed by biphenyl synthase (BIS) from benzoyl-CoA and three molecules of malonyl-CoA. The formation of benzoyl-CoA proceeds via benzaldehyde as an intermediate. Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (BD), which converts benzaldehyde into benzoic acid, was detected in cell-free extracts from S. aucuparia cell cultures. BD and BIS were induced by chitosan treatment. The preferred substrate for BD was benzaldehyde (K(m)=49 microM). Cinnamaldehyde and various hydroxybenzaldehydes were relatively poor substrates. BD activity was strictly dependent on the presence of NAD(+) as a cofactor (K(m)=67 microM).
J Plant Physiol 2009 Sep 01
PMID:Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase from chitosan-treated Sorbus aucuparia cell cultures. 1940 54

The present study explored the effect of the individual differences related to BIS and BAS (Behavioural Inhibition and Activation System) on brain oscillations, in response to appetitive and aversive emotional stimuli. EEG cortical measures (delta, theta, alpha, and gamma) were recorded, during viewing IAPS figures, that varied in terms of pleasantness and arousal. Withdrawal (BIS system) and appetitive (BAS system) behaviour showed opposite patterns of subjective responses. Also, a specific frontal network was found to be responsive to the relevance of emotional cues. Moreover an increased response for high arousing (negative and positive) stimuli in comparison with low arousing and neutral stimuli was found within the left and right frontal areas. Specifically delta and theta band have a significant role in monitoring the attentional significance of emotions. Finally, the effects of subjective evaluation and individual differences were discussed at light of the two-dimensional model of emotion processing, that is the valence and the arousing power of emotional cues.
Brain Res Bull 2009 Sep 28
PMID:BIS/BAS, cortical oscillations and coherence in response to emotional cues. 1959 7


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