Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.177 (BIS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of N-TRIS(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoetane sulfonic acid (TES); N,N BIS (2 hydroxvethyl)-2 aminoethane sulfonic acid (BES), N-2(hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), morpholinopropane sulfonic acid (MOPS), and piperazine-N-N-BIS(2-ethane sulfonic acid (PIPES) solutions on dialyzed semen was studied. Each was titrated to pH 7.0 with TRIS-(hydroxymethyl)-amino methane (TRIS) solution and the osmotic pressure was adjusted to between 320 to 325 mOsm/kg. The new solutions were identified as TEST, BEST, HEPEST, MOPST and PIPEST, respectively. The solutions were used 1) alone, 2) in a composite with equal parts (V/V) of each solution and 3) in a 1:1 (V/V) combination with isosmotic trisodium citrate solution. Later, TRIS and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were compared as titration bases for piperazine-N-N-BIS (2-ethane sulfonic acid) (PIPES) and N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethane sulfonic acid (TES). Ejaculates were diluted 1:10 (V/V) in extenders containing buffer, 20% egg yolk and 5% glycerol (V/V). The samples were dialyzed (1:50) during cooling for a period of 2 h. Each sample was dialyzed against the same buffer system containing 5% glycerol without egg yolk and later it was frozen in pellets. The treatments were evaluated by observation of sperm motility in fresh and thawed semen samples. The latter were also analyzed by electronic count of cells that passed through the Sephadex column. Sperm survival was higher in PIPEST (PIPES titrated with TRIS) or the composite buffer, and the inclusion of 50% sodium citrate (Na citrate) improved significantly (P<0.05) sperm motility in fresh and frozen-thawed semen samples. There was no difference (P>0.05) between the titration bases. In the second experiment, sperm survival was superior in extenders containing PIPEST (P<0.05) than in those containing TEST independently of the inclusion of Na citrate.
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PMID:Development of a buffer system for dialysis of bovine spermatozoa before freezing. I. Effect of zwitterion buffers. 1672 19

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of sugars (glucose, lactose and raffinose) and the effect of those sugars (C(3) to C(6)) or their correspondent sugar alcohols on the dialysis of bovine semen. First, the effect of isosmotic solutions of glucose, lactose or raffinose at five different levels (0, 25, 50, 75, 95% V/V) on sperm motility of semen dialyzed prior to freezing were studied. These levels were used in extenders and dialysates, and the final volume was complemented with Piperazine-N-N-BIS (2-ethane sulfonic acid (PIPES) titrated to pH 7.0 with TRIS (hydroxymethyl) amino-methane (TRIS) to form PIPEST or a 1:1 (V/V) combination between PIPEST and sodium citrate solutions. In the second experiment, 30% of the buffer volume contained solutions of sugars (C(3) or C(6)) or their correspondent sugar alcohol, and the final volume was completed with PIPEST-citrate buffer. Semen aliquots were extended (1:10) and dialyzed (1:50) for 2 h while cooling from 37 to 5 degrees C in semipermeable dialysis bags of 12,000 to 14,000 molecular weight cut off. The samples were frozen in pellets 1 h after dialysis was terminated. Sperm survival was significantly higher in PIPEST-citrate than in PIPEST buffer alone (P<0.05). No significant difference (P>0.05) was obtained between the use of glucose or lactose or between lactose and raffinose. High levels of sugar appeared to be detrimental to sperm motility of fresh and thawed semen samples. Motility of cells extended in buffers containing 30% (V/V) isosmotic solutions of glucose, galactose, ribose, xylose, arabinose or their correspondent sugar alcohols was significantly higher (P<0.05) than their motility in extenders without sugar.
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PMID:Development of a buffer system for dialysis of bovine spermatozoa before freezing. II. Effect of sugars and sugar alcohols on posthaw motility. 1672 20

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of inorganic and organic acids on survival of dialyzed bovine spermatozoa. Ejaculates were pooled, extended (1:10), dialyzed (1:50) for 2 h during cooling, and 1 h later they were frozen in pellets and stored in liquid nitrogen. The pellets were thawed in aluminum block depressions (preheated at 45 degrees C) and transferred to a test tube at room temperature as the last ice melted. Sperm motility was recorded in all samples before freezing and after thawing. The number of spermatozoa that passed through the Sephadex column was analyzed in all the postthaw samples. No statistical difference (P>0.05) was found between the use of potassium (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as titration bases. However, solutions containing calcium (Ca++) or magnesium (Mg++) provided significantly less (P<0.05) protection to the cells during freezing and thawing. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in sperm survival of the postthaw samples when Ca++ or Mg++ were present. Inorganic salts of phosphates, carbonates or chloride provided significantly less protection to the cells than the control extenders with Na citrate (P<0.05). Results of the second experiment indicated that citrate, tartrate and oxalate salts provided superior (P<0.05) protection to the cells than salts of succinate, acetate or formate. It was concluded that an appropriate solution for use as a dialysate of extended bovine spermatozoa may be formulated as 30% (V/V) isosmotic Na salt of Piperazine-N-N-BIS (2-ethane sulfonic acid) (PIPES) plus 30% (V/V) isosmotic glucose plus 5% (V/V) glycerol plus 35% (V/V) of isosmotic solutions of Na or K citrate or tartrate, or a (1:1) combination of them.
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PMID:Development of a buffer system for dialysis of bovine spermatozoa before freezing. III. Effect of different inorganic and organic salts on fresh and frozen-thawed semen. 1672 21