Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.177 (BIS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship among decision-making (DM) ability (as measured by the Iowa Gambling Task [IGT]), impulsivity, and temperament and character traits in a long-term abstinent alcohol-dependent sample. Twenty-six abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects, referred to a Drug Addiction Unit of the National Health Service of L'Aquila, were evaluated using the IGT, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, version 11 (BIS-11), and the Temperament and Character Inventory 125-item (TCI-125) version. Twenty-four control subjects were recruited and assessed with IGT only. The clinical and control samples were significantly different in their IGT performance, the former sample making disadvantageous choices leading to lower scores. Significant negative correlations between IGT total score and BIS Non-Planning Impulsivity and a trend toward significance with TCI Novelty Seeking dimension were reported. Our data confirm the results of other studies suggesting DM impairment related to impulsive dimension as an important feature in subjects with alcohol dependence: the finding suggests a role of DM impairment in increasing proneness to a chronic relapsing course.
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PMID:Decision making, impulsivity, and personality traits in alcohol-dependent subjects. 2249 29

While the link between delay discounting and drug addiction has been well established, much less is known about probability discounting (PD) in the context of substance abuse. This study is the first to investigate how opioid-dependent individuals make risky decisions about gains and losses using the PD paradigm. Fifty-six opioid-dependent adults receiving opioid maintenance therapy and 55 controls performed two tasks that assessed PD of hypothetical monetary gains and losses, and completed the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11). Patient participants exhibited greater PD for gains than did controls, suggesting that patients were more risk-averse when considering potential rewards. Patients also demonstrated greater PD for losses, indicating that patients made riskier decisions to avoid a loss compared to controls. BIS-11 scores were not significantly associated with either discounting parameter, and PD of gains and losses were not meaningfully correlated. The results provide initial evidence that individuals addicted to illicit substances discount probabilistic losses and gains differently than non-drug abusing cohorts, and in a way that maps onto drug taking behaviour. This pattern of discounting has implications for substance abuse treatments that target problematic risk taking.
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PMID:Probability discounting of monetary gains and losses in opioid-dependent adults. 3076 96

Background: The striatum supports motivated behavior and impulse control. Altered striatal activation and connectivity has been observed in link with impulse control dysfunction in individuals with drug addiction.Objectives: We examined how resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the striatum is altered as a result of chronic ketamine misuse.Methods: Thirty-six ketamine users (10 women) and 20 healthy controls (9 women) completed an assessment with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and magnetic resonance imaging. In SPM we examined voxel-wise connectivities of the caudate, pallidum, putamen, and ventral striatum in ketamine users (versus healthy controls) and in association with BIS-11 score and duration of use, all at a corrected threshold.Results: Compared to controls, ketamine users showed higher connectivity between caudate and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and between pallidum and bilateral cerebellum. In ketamine users, putamen showed higher connectivity with the left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in association with both BIS-11 score and months of ketamine use. Mediation analyses suggest that the connectivity z score mediated the relationship between impulsivity and duration of use.Conclusions: These preliminary findings highlighted altered striatal connectivity in chronic ketamine users, and the potential role of putamen OFC connectivity in supporting the correlation between impulsivity and duration of ketamine use. If replicated in a larger sample, these findings may represent neural markers of ketamine misuse.
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PMID:Striatal functional connectivity in chronic ketamine users: a pilot study. 3126 88