Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.177 (BIS)
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The initial rate of inactivation of T4 phage by solutions of [Pt(NH3)2Cl2], [PtenCl2] and [Pten(H2O)2] (NO3)2 at fixed values of pH is strongly reduced by phosphate buffer, slightly reduced by acetate buffer and apparently not influenced by bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminotris(hydroxymethyl)methane (BIS-Tris) buffer and HEPES buffer. The phosphate abolishes the antiphage activity of the platinum complexes probably by some sort of complex formation. This together with dimerization reactions qualitatively explains the tailing off of the phage inactivation rate. High concentrations of NaNO3 as the salt medium give increased phage inactivation rates, which are also strongly pH-dependent.
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PMID:Phosphate buffer and salt medium concentrations affect the inactivation of T4 phage by platinum(II) complexes. 401 1

The quality of ground water supplies in Davanagere Taluk, situated in central part of Karnataka has been investigated with respect to pH, dissolved solids, chlorides, nitrates and fluorides. The levels of pH, dissolved solids and chlorides were found within the safe limits as prescribed by BIS, for more than 95% of the samples. Out of the 61 different borewell samples analysed, selected from different areas of Davanagere taluk, 26% of the samples are found to contain fluorides less than 0.50 PPM (lower safe limit prescribed by BIS) and 11.5% of the samples are found to contain more than 1.5 PPM of fluorides (higher safe limit prescribed by BIS). Further, it was also found during study that, 16.00% of the borewell samples analyzed, were found to contain more than 100.00 PPM of nitrates (measured as NO3 mg/L, safe limit prescribed by BIS). The values of fluorides and nitrates observed in different samples were in the range of 0.19 - 2.06 PPM and 0.08 - 308 PPM, respectively.
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PMID:Nitrate and fluoride levels in ground waters of Davanagere Taluka in Karnataka. 1527 Mar 49

The DNA interactions of PT-BIS(ACRAMTU) ([Pt(en)(ACRAMTU)2](NO3)4; ACRAMTU = 1-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-1,3-dimethylthiourea, en = ethylenediamine), a bifunctional platinum-acridine conjugate, have been studied in native and synthetic double-stranded DNAs and model duplexes using various biophysical techniques. These include ethidium-DNA fluorescence quenching and thermal melting experiments, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and plasmid unwinding assays. In addition, the binding mode was studied in a short octamer by NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with molecular modeling. In alternating copolymers, PT-BIS(ACRAMTU) shows a distinct preference for poly(dA-dT)2, which is approximately 3-fold higher than that of ACRAMTU. In the ligand-oligomer complex, d(GCTATAGC)2.PT-BIS(ACRAMTU) (complex I*), PT-BIS(ACRAMTU) increases the thermal stability of the B-form host duplex by DeltaT(m) > 30 K (CD and UV melting experiments). The agent unwinds pSP73 plasmid DNA by 44(+/-2) degrees per bound molecule, indicating bisintercalative binding. A 2-D NMR study unequivocally demonstrates that PT-BIS(ACRAMTU)'s chromophores deeply bisintercalate into the 5'-TA/TA base pair steps in I*, while the platinum linker lies in the minor groove. An AMBER model reflecting the NMR results shows that bracketing of the central AT base pairs in a classical nearest neighbor excluded fashion is feasible. PT-BIS(ACRAMTU) inhibits DNA hydrolysis by BstZ17 I at the enzyme's restriction site, GTA downward arrowTAC. Possible consequences for other relevant DNA-protein interactions, such as those involved in TATA-box-mediated transcription initiation and the utility of the platinum-intercalator technology for the design of sequence-specific agents are discussed.
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PMID:Characterization of the bisintercalative DNA binding mode of a bifunctional platinum-acridine agent. 1619 74

The objective was to investigate the quality of drinking water of Jaipur city during pre-monsoon session (April 2006 to June 2006). Physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO3(2-), HCO3(-), Cl(-), SO4(2-), NO3(-), F(-) and TH were analyzed by adopting the standard method of APHA. To assess the quality of ground water, each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit of that parameter stipulated for drinking water as prescribed by BIS. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine the correlation coefficient (r) among the parameters. The highest correlation was found between EC and chloride (r = 0.986, p = < .0001). EC showed highly significant positive correlation with chloride, Mg++, Na+, TDS and TH while significant inverse correlations were found in four cases, i.e. between pH and bicarbonate, between carbonate and bicarbonate, between pH and TDS and between sulphate and pH, while potassium, nitrate and fluoride did not show any significant correlations with any other parameters studied.
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PMID:Hydrochemical investigations and correlation--analysis of ground water quality of Jaipur city, Rajasthan (India). 1847 49

Groundwater Survey and Development Agency (GSDA), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) have been carrying out groundwater quality monitoring at about 1407 monitoring locations in various districts of Maharashtra state in India. The groundwater quality data for pH, TDS, total hardness, sulphate, flouride and nitrate were compared with BIS: 10500:2004-2005 standards for drinking purpose. The results show that nitrate pollution is becoming more prevalent in groundwater of Maharashtra. Water quality data during the period 2007-2009 show that 544 locations out of 1407 locations exceeded 45 mgl(-1), the allowable NO3 level for drinking water. About 227 locations exceeded nitrate level beyond 100 mgl(-1). At 87 talukas in 23 districts of Maharashtra the NO3 levels exceeded the standard in all samples monitored during 2007-2009. The Buldana district with highest locations (27) had nitrate above 100 mgl(-1) followed by Amravati (24) and Akola (20) districts. At 7 talukas in 4 districts, fluoride was found above permissible limit of 1.5 mgl(-1), 100% of the time. 2 talukas in 2 districts of Maharashtra showed 100% non compliance of pH as per BIS standard of 6.5-8.5 mgl(-1). The districts having good to excellent quality of groundwater were Bhandara, Gondia, Kolhapur, Mumbai city, Mumbai Suburban, Nandurbar, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Satara, Sindhudurg, Thane and Washim. Vaijapur taluka in Aurangabad, Sinnar in Nashik and Kalambh taluka in Osmanabad have very poor water quality. Paithan taluka in Aurangabad, Shegaon taluka at Buldhana district, Amolner taluka at Jalgaon district and Jafrabad in Jalna district have water unsuitable for drinking.
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PMID:Groundwater quality in Maharashtra, India: focus on nitrate pollution. 2350 24

An increasing amount of fly ash from thermal power plants is produced in India every year. Its disposal is generally done in ponds after it is mixed together in suitable proportion of water to form a slurry. Fly ash from Koradi and Khaperkheda thermal power plants (Nagpur, Maharashtra) is commonly disposed in an area characterized by the presence of many small villages where the population uses the groundwater for drinking and domestic purposes. Here, the groundwater locally exceeds the concentration limits recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2005) and by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2008) for Mg(2+), Ca(2+), NO3(-), SO4(2-), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and for some minor elements like As, Mo, V and U. A new geological map of the study area has been prepared to understand the possible water-rock interactions. An extensive geochemical survey of groundwater, stream water and fly ash was also carried out to clarify the possible origin of the pollutants by discriminating between geogenic and anthropogenic sources and to assess the influence of the ash ponds on water quality. The analytical results suggest that a large part of the sulfates in the groundwater of the villages of Masada, Khairi and Kawatha originate from the infiltration of industrial water from tens of factories that mix fly ash with relatively high quantities of gypsum and lime for the production of bricks. In addition, the interaction with the relatively U-rich Gondwana units, like Talchir formation, is probably the cause of the high concentration of this element. Results showed how the relatively high concentrations of Mo, As, B and F in circulating waters are linked to the leaching from fly ash, also pointing out a direct spatial correlation between the concentration of fluorides in the groundwater and their closeness to the ash ponds.
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PMID:Impact of the disposal and re-use of fly ash on water quality: the case of the Koradi and Khaperkheda thermal power plants (Maharashtra, India). 2456 Dec 95