Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.177 (BIS)
 957 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In critically ill patients, the central nervous system remains vulnerable to multiple insults including ischemia, hemorrhagic events, and encephalopathy. The peripheral nervous system is vulnerable in the setting of neuro-muscular blockade (NMB), related drug-drug interactions, and drug-clinical state interactions. Optimal assessment of the nervous system is done by means of the clinical neurological examination. In this manner, orientation, arousal, and responsiveness to stimulation provide feedback on focal and global stability of the central nervous system. Where clinical evaluation is compromised, such as with deep sedation and NMB, risk of undetected seizure activity, and/or progression of neurological injury increases dramatically. A patient receiving NMB risks breakthrough awareness and pain. Long-term complications of NMB including prolonged weakness or paralysis as well as post-traumatic stress dramatically increase morbidity and length of stay. Technologies such as electroencephalogram (EEG) and bispectral index (BIS trade mark ) monitoring are effective for assessing cerebral function as well as level of sedation or arousal, respectively, in patients with a compromised neurological assessment. Neuromuscular transmission (NMT) monitoring by means of peripheral nerve stimulation and assessment of the evoked response may be utilized, within the context of clinical assessment, to determine level of chemical paralysis and minimize dosing of NMB agents. This article explores utilization and differentiates technologies such as EEG, BIS, and NMT monitoring. Monitoring parameters are illustrated using a case study approach.
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PMID:Continuous nervous system monitoring, EEG, the bispectral index, and neuromuscular transmission. 1281 56

Cardiac arrest (CA) patients can experience neurological sequelae or even death after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) due to cerebral hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-mediated brain injury. Thus, it is important to perform early prognostic evaluations in CA patients. Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for determining the prognosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy due to its real-time measurement of brain function. Based on EEG, burst suppression, a burst suppression ratio >0.239, periodic discharges, status epilepticus, stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic or ictal discharges, non-reactive EEG, and the BIS value based on quantitative EEG may be associated with the prognosis of CA after successful CPR. As measures of neural network integrity, the values of small-world characteristics of the neural network derived from EEG patterns have potential applications.
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PMID:Prognostic value of electroencephalography (EEG) for brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 2678 42

Bioimpedance spectroscopy is a promising method for tissue ischemia monitoring; it is used in this research to study ischemia and cell morphology using bioimpedance measurements of rabbit liver tissue. This paper presents the evolution of Cole parameters and cell parameters with time and establishes a relation between cellular morphological changes during cell ischemia with bioimpedance measurements at different frequencies. The general behavior of ischemic liver tissue has been analyzed. Evolution of Cole parameters was extrapolated from BIS measurements, and their behavior was studied with respect to time. Then, cell parameters were estimated from Cole parameters. A detailed analysis of the changes of cell parameters was done in parallel with explanations for these changes depending on the physiological mechanism of ischemia and necrosis bioprocess. These explanations give a confirmation of the established relation between cell morphological changes and the corresponding BIS measurements.
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PMID:Detection of Cell Morphological Changes of Ischemic Rabbit Liver Tissue Using Bioimpedance Spectroscopy. 2999 3