Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of oral adsorbent, AST-120 (Kureha Chemical Ind. Co., Tokyo), were studied in the rat model of subtotal nephrectomy. In 34 female Sprague-Dawley rats, three quarters of the renal mass were removed from the left kidney by ligation of 3 branches of the left renal artery. One week later, the right kidney was removed. Two days after right nephrectomy, control rats were fed standard rat chow ad libitum, while AST-120-treated rats were fed standard rat chow containing AST-120 ad libitum. The animals were observed for 9 weeks. Of the control rats, some became severely ill and appeared to be almost dying before 9 weeks, while paired AST-120-treated rats appeared well. Body weight was maintained better in AST-120-treated rats than in control rats. At completion of the study, levels of BUN and serum creatinine were lower and glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow rate were higher in AST-120-treated than in control rats (p < 0.05), although there was no statistically significant difference in proteinuria. Serum uremic peak 2a measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, which is considered to correspond to uremic toxins, was statistically lower in AST-120-treated rats (p < 0.05). Finally, a marked reduction in the degree of glomerular sclerosis was noted in AST-120-treated versus control rats (p < 0.05). The results indicate that AST-120 is effective in the treatment of chronic renal failure in terms of reducing uremic symptoms as well as preserving renal function and glomerular architecture. The data also indicate that a reduction in uremic toxins could delay the progressive damage of renal function and glomerular architecture in chronic renal failure.
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PMID:Effects of oral adsorbent in the rat model of chronic renal failure. 143 44

Serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were measured using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in patients with liver diseases. Serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were increased in correlation with derangements of prothrombin time, total bilirubin and other parameters reflecting hepatocellular dysfunction in 112 patients with chronic liver disease. The levels were positively correlated with serum AST and ALT levels in 59 of these patients whose prothrombin times were within the normal range. Abnormally increased serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were found in 100% of the determinations in 16 patients with fulminant hepatic failure and in 80% of the determinations in 16 patients with chronic hepatic failure. The levels greater than 1 ng/ml, however, were found in 94% of determinations in the former group, but only in 16% of the determinations in the latter group. This difference was seen irrespective of prothrombin time or hepatic coma grades. In patients with fulminant hepatic failure serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were increased immediately after plasma exchange using heparin as the anticoagulant in 71% of the determinations. This increase disappeared 12 hr after discontinuation of plasma exchange. In 17 of 39 patients with chronic renal failure who had no liver disease, serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels were abnormally increased before hemodialysis using heparin, and the levels were elevated immediately after hemodialysis in all the patients. The increase of serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels in hepatic failure may be the result of hepatocellular dysfunction and necrosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Significance of serum human hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with hepatic failure. 153 Jul 86

We investigated the early changes of tubules and effect of the oral adsorbent, AST-120, on the early changes of tubules in rats with chronic renal failure. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups with and without AST-120, after 3/4 nephrectomy. Although there were no significant differences in levels of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, inulin clearance, para-aminohippuric acid clearance and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase at week 8 between the two groups, the amount of 24-hour urinary protein excretion and the direct systolic blood pressure at week 8 were significantly decreased in the group with AST-120. Examinations by light microscopy at week 8 revealed that proteinaceous casts in the tubules, tubular dilatation and infiltration of monocytes into the interstitium in the group with AST-120 were less prominent than those in the group without AST-120. A significant difference in numbers of proteinaceous casts was noted at week 8 between the two groups. In rats with chronic renal failure at the early stage, it is concluded that the formation of proteinaceous casts, resulting in tubular damage, is increased and that AST-120 delays the occurrence of proteinaceous casts by delaying the increase in urinary protein excretion.
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PMID:Early morphological changes of tubules in rats with chronic renal failure. 159 98

Progression of renal insufficiency was evaluated in partially nephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 10 weeks, fed on the low (6%), usual (20%), and high (36%) protein diet (group 6C, 20C, and 36C). Effects of oral adsorbent AST-120 on these experimental uremic models were also examined (group 6A, 20A, 36A). All the rats underwent paired feeding, and survived during the experimental period of 3 weeks. GFR (inulin clearance) and RPF (para-amino hippurate clearance), as well as Ccr was measured before the sacrifice. Initial serum creatinine and Ccr were 1.7 mg/dl and 0.27 ml/min. The rats of group 36C showed progressive elevation of serum creatinine level and decrease in Ccr. At the end of the study, GFR was significantly lower in group 36C than in group 6C and 20C (0.19, 0.68, 0.87 ml/min respectively). Significant elevation of filtration fraction in group 36C suggested that the decrease in GFR mainly resulted from low RPF. Even in group 36C, no glomerular sclerosis was histologically demonstrated in the remnant kidney, and the mean planar area of the remnant glomeruli was significantly small, which might reflect low RPF. Tubulo-interstitial changes like dilatation of the urinary space and tubular epithelial flattening were prominent in group 36C. Beneficial effect of AST-120 was obvious in high protein diet groups. GFR and RPF were rather well preserved in group 36A (0.36 and 0.78 ml/min) with normal filtration fraction. Tubulo-interstitial damage was evidently mild in group 36A. These data suggested the presence of some humoral factors, which can be adsorbed by AST-120 in gastrointestinal tract, and responsible for the deterioration of renal function and tubulo-interstitial damage induced by high protein diet in the uremic condition. Besides hyperfiltration and glomerular hypertrophy, such humoral factors as suggested in this study may contribute to the progression of chronic renal failure to some extent.
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PMID:[Effect of oral adsorbent AST-120 in rats with chronic renal failure--mechanism of progression of renal failure by dietary protein]. 163 28

In order to examine the effect on the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF), we have applied an oral adsorbent (AST-120) composed of spherical porous carbon particles to patients with chronic renal failure undergoing conservative therapy. Its effect was observed in improvement of uremic symptoms, improvement of slope in linear regression of reciprocal of serum creatinine vs. time plots and delayed initiation of hemodialysis, compared to control patients, together with reduced uremic peak 2a in HPLC analysis of serum and lower levels of beta 2 microglobulin in AST-120 group than in control. The improvements of uremic symptoms, creatinine and 2a levels were confirmed in double blind study where background of patients were evenly randomized between AST-120 and placebo groups and no improvement was observed in placebo group. The result leads us to conclude that the oral adsorbent therapy is expected as an useful therapy for retardation of progression of CRF.
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PMID:A study of oral adsorbent in chronic renal failure. 175 65

In order to evaluate the direct or indirect effect of AST-120 on chronic renal failure (CRF) in rats, histological and electron microscopical examinations were performed. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 11 weeks and weighing 226 to 229 gm) with CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy were prepared. Rats were fed by a commercial diet (CE-2, Japan Kurea) and were divided into two groups: A (16 rats) and B (14 rats). AST-120 (5% content) was only administered to group B. After two months, kidneys were removed and prepared for the histological and electron microscopical examinations. On histological examination, group A kidneys showed severe glomerular hyalinization (more than 80%) and frequent crescents, as well as tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and many protein casts. In contrast, segmental glomerular lesions were identified in group B kidneys. Tubulo-interstitium were also well preserved. Furthermore, the ultrastructural findings of group B were milder than that of group A. The preservation of renal tissue in group B revealed the beneficial effect of AST-120 on CRF rats' kidneys. In conclusion, this beneficial effect is provided by the removal of the serum toxic metabolite (uremic toxin) and the precursor substance of the toxin by orally administered AST-120.
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PMID:[Pathological study on the effect of oral adsorbent AST-120 on chronic renal failure in rats]. 177 Jun 33

The effect of an oral adsorbent (AST-120) was examined in rats with daunomycin-induced chronic renal failure. Sixteen pairs of daunomycin rats which had similar levels of proteinuria at 4 weeks after being injected with daunomycin were selected. One rat of each pair served as a control and was fed on a standard diet, while the other rats were fed on a diet containing AST-120. The blood creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were significantly lower in the rats fed with AST-120 than in the controls. Moreover, the life span of the rats fed with AST-120 was significantly prolonged as compared to that of the control rats. These findings suggest that oral administration of AST-120 may help to prevent rapid deterioration of renal function in experimental chronic renal failure induced by daunomycin in rats.
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PMID:Effect of an oral adsorbent (AST-120) in rats with daunomycin-induced chronic renal failure. 189 50

Oral adsorbent (AST-120) reduces blood levels of urea and creatinine in experimental studies. It has also been shown to retard the progression of chronic renal failure in clinical studies. In the present study, the effect of AST-120 was examined in the rat model of subtotal nephrectomy (sNPX). This experimental model of chronic renal failure is characterized by glomerular hyperfunction, glomerular hypertrophy, increased mesangial trapment of macromolecules and subsequent glomerular sclerosis. We report the effect of AST-120 on glomerular hyperfunction, glomerular hypertrophy and mesangial trapment of macromolecules in the early stage and glomerular function and histology in the late stage of the rat model of sNPX. From 2 days after sNPX, rats were fed regular rat chow with (AST group: AST) or without (control) AST-120. At 2 weeks, iron dextran (ID) was injected intravenously. Three days after the injection, mesangial trapment of ID was largely ameliorated in AST when compared with control (p less than 0.02). The value of mean planar area of glomerulus (PAmean) in AST was significantly lower than that in control (p less than 0.05). At 2 and 9 weeks, the values of GFR and RPF in AST were all statistically higher than those in control. At 9 weeks, whereas average glomerular sclerosis index (SI: 0-4 scale) was 1.07 in control, significantly lower SI (0.57) was noted in AST (p less than 0.05). Thus, AST-120 has effects on glomerular hypertrophy, increased mesangial trapment of macromoleculus and finally the progression of chronic renal failure in the rat model of sNPX. The effects are not through reducing glomerular hyperfunction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effects of oral adsorbent (AST-120) in the experimental model of chronic renal failure--pathophysiological study on renal function, glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial function and glomerular histology]. 226 21

The effects of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent of urea and ammonia, were examined in an in vitro adsorption study and in normal rats. Chitosan DAC showed high adsorption capacity for urea and ammonia in an in vitro study using the diluted supernatant of rat gastrointestinal fluid. In contrast, Kremezin, an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120), had little influence on these substances. In normal rats fed diets containing chitosan DAC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10% content) for three weeks, increases in fecal wet weight, fecal dry weight and fecal water content were observed in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, chitosan DAC feeding increased fecal excretion of nitrogen and electrolytes (sodium, potassium and chloride ions) and decreased the apparent protein ratio in a dose-dependent manner. There were no obvious effects in serum parameters except that increased levels of protein and albumin and decreased levels of blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol and glucose were observed in rats fed a high concentration of chitosan DAC. In conclusion, these findings suggest the possibility that chitosan DAC treatment might be effective for improving chronic renal failure.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent (I). Effect of chitosan DAC in normal rats]. 755 37

The effects of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (Chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent of urea and ammonia, were examined in rats with progressive chronic renal failure (CRF) induced by adriamycin. CRF rats induced by repeated injections of adriamycin were fed a diet containing chitosan DAC (5% content) or Kremezin (5% content), an oral charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) under strict paired-feeding for four months. CRF rats that received both a normal diet and Kremezin showed progressive azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and anemia, and began to die from 9 weeks after feeding started. In contrast, chitosan DAC-treatment showed marked prolongation of the survival period and decreases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and serum phosphate. In addition, chitosan DAC-treatment ameliorated anemia in CRF rats, although hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were not improved. Furthermore, fecal weight, fecal water content, fecal nitrogen and fecal sodium were markedly increased, and the apparent protein ratio was decreased in CRF rats fed a diet containing chitosan DAC for 9 weeks. In contrast, none of these effects were observed in CRF rats receiving Kremezin. These observations suggest the further possibility of using oral adsorbent therapy for CRF patients.
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PMID:[Pharmacological properties of chitosan-coated dialdehyde cellulose (chitosan DAC), a newly developed oral adsorbent (II). Effect of chitosan DAC on rats with chronic renal failure induced by adriamycin]. 755 38


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