Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and eighty seven patients (155 males, 32 females) with histologically proven and previously untreated head and neck cancer were entered in the study. A total of 222 cycles of therapy were analyzed (cisplatin 100 mg m-2 on day 1 and 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of 5-FU 550-1069 mg m-2 day-1, mean 875.5 mg m-2 day-1). Significant interpatient variability for various 5-FU pharmacokinetic parameters was observed including an almost ten-fold range in 5-FU clearance (5-FU Cl, ml min-1 m-2 = 791-7769, mean 2820.7). Log 5-FU Cl was not modified by 5-FU dose (r = -0.1034, P = 0.124, n = 222). Poor linear correlations between log 5-FU Cl and hepatic function tests were observed (respective r and P values for 222 cycles, log AST:0.0526, 0.4365; Log ALT: -0.1167, 0.0842; Log A1K. Phos.:0.154, 0.0214; Log GGT: 0.0652, 0.3436; Log LDH: -0.0984, 0.1563; Log bilirubin: 0.1278, 0.0601). The log 5-FU Cl was also poorly correlated with the serum concentration of various nutritional proteins (respective r and P values for 222 cycles, Albumin: 0.0110, 0.8714; prealbumin: -0.1067, 0.1129; transferrin: 0.0439, 0.5226). Laboratory data including indices of hepatic function and nutritional status cannot account for the interpatient variability in 5-FU disposition.
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PMID:No effect of dose, hepatic function, or nutritional status on 5-FU clearance following continuous (5-day), 5-FU infusion. 849 17

1. Dehydration of camels for 10 days resulted in reduction of liver functions, expressed in longer half life and reduced clearance of bromosulfophthalein (BSP), elevated AST (ALT levels were below the limit of detection of the method) and reduced serum albumin concentrations. 2. Binding of BSP to camel serum proteins by gel permeation chromatography and by equilibrium dialysis showed very strong binding. 3. Binding parameters of various drugs to camels serum by equilibrium dialysis showed close similarities both qualitatively and quantitatively to those of humans. 4. Albumin seems to be the major serum binding protein of BSP.
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PMID:Liver function and protein binding in camels. 257 54

Reference values are usually based on blood samples from healthy men or non-pregnant women. Blood samples from pregnant women may be compared with these reference values. Correct references for pregnancy can be extremely important for clinical decisions such as ablatio placentae, appendicitis, premature rupture of membranes and preeclampsia. Previous studies of normal variations during third-trimester pregnancy are incomplete. Blood samples during pregnancy weeks 33, 36 and 39 as well as 1-3 h postpartum were collected from pregnant women with dietary iron supplement and at least one previous pregancy without a history of hypertension or preeclampsia. When the sampled values were compared with the present reference values from men and non-pregnant women, the following differences were found during normal pregnancy: Haemoglobin and ferritin were reduced, CRP was slightly elevated, WBC (white blood cell count) and HNL (human neutrophilic lipocalin) were elevated during pregnancy and significantly increased postpartum. Albumin was reduced. ALT and AST were slightly elevated and GGT was unchanged during pregnancy. ALP, D-dimer and fibrinogen were elevated. Uric acid increased during the third trimester and thrombocyte count decreased. Separate reference values for pregnant women are essential for correct diagnostic decisions during third-trimester pregnancy. Elevated levels of D-dimer do not necessarily indicate ablatio placentae. A diagnosis of progressive preeclampsia cannot be based on increasing uric acid levels and reduced platelet count in a stable clinical condition. HNL signals activation of neutrophilic granulocytes and can thereby offer a helpful tool for diagnosing infection during pregnancy and postpartum.
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PMID:New reference values for routine blood samples and human neutrophilic lipocalin during third-trimester pregnancy. 1176 17

The prevalence of alterations of liver function tests in patients treated with a wide range of antypsychotics is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of antipsychotics on liver function tests in a population of schizophrenic outpatients. Concentrations of AST, ALT, GGT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and bilirubin were determined in 54 patients fitting DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia, and the same number of sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. Assessments included the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in addition to treatment related variables. Transaminases concentrations were slightly elevated in study patients compared to healthy controls, but without statistical significance. Alkaline phosphatase showed higher values in schizophrenic patients. Albumin and bilirubin were lower in study patients. Liver function tests abnormalities were found in about 10% of schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotics. Treatment with depot phenotiazines induces alteration in these tests more frequently than treatment with other antipsychotics. PANSS negative subscale scores directly correlated with alkaline phosphatase and inversely correlated with albumin. A substantial number of patients in treatment with antipsychotic drugs present alterations of liver function tests. Both pharmacological and clinical factors could be related with these alterations.
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PMID:Alterations of liver function test in patients treated with antipsychotics. 1461 43

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study is to evaluate hematological manifestations occurring in patients suffering from chronic HCV infection. Positive HCV-RNA cases (109) were subjected to the following C.B.C., P.T., P.T.T., B.T., C.T., detection of F.D.Ps., measurement of plasma AAT then B.M. aspiration and examination for 20 cases of them. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the histopathological staging and grading of liver biopsy. Comparison between groups according to histopathological grading and staging for hematological and chemical parameters revealed significant statistical difference in platelets count, S. Albumin, ALT and AST levels. Comparison between groups according to histopathological grading and staging for coagulation profile, AAT level and FDPs revealed significant statistical difference regarding all parameters. Bone marrow aspiration and examination revealed mild hypocellularity with increased number of lymphocytes and relevance of plasmacytoid-lymphocytes. From this study we can conclude that patients with chronic HCV infection are in need for good observation and follow up before taking therapy because they have some hematological abnormalities which need more concern in order to decrease their progressive effect before starting therapy for HCV per se. They should be always screened and given liver and marrow supportive supplements.
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PMID:Haematologial manifestations in HCV infected patients at Sharkia Governerate, Egypt. 1512 50

No doubt, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a real health problem worldwide. The liver function tests (S.ALT, S.AST, Albumin, Total Protein, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin) were evaluated in 20 PCR-RNA positive HCV-patients and 10 cross matched apparently healthy population. All the HCV-patients and controls were free from liver helminthes. The results showed that in the HCV-patients, there was elevation in the level of S.ALT (17/20 or 85%), S.AST (20/20 or 100%), Total Bilirubin (7/20 or 35%), and (4/20 or 20%). Besides, there was neither a correlation between sexes nor the degrees of viraemia and the elevation of these four parameters. However, serum levels of Albumin, and Total Protein were within the normal range. On the other hand, in the controls the levels of the six tests were within the normal range. Nevertheless, only one control subject who had positive HBs-Ag, showed elevated Total Bilirulin and Direct Bilirubin. Consequently, these tests are indicative as useful and dependable markers in the non-invasive diagnosis of the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
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PMID:The liver function profile in PCR-RNA Egyptian HCV-patients and normal controls. 1608 59

Patients infected with schistosoma frequently show a high seroprevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies. The aim of this study was to find the underlying reason for this phenomenon, and to examine a possible involvement of autoantibodies. Out of 2,400 Egyptian blood donors, 192 (8%) were anti-HCV positive by ELISA. They were 133 males and 59 females with age ranging from 27 to 48 years. According to optical density ratio (ODR) of anti-HCV antibodies, 96 cases were low positive (LP) with ODR (1-2) designated as group I, and 96 were high positive (HP) with ODR (> or =2) (group II). Both groups were examined for quantitative HCV core antigen (HCVcAg), liver function (Albumin, ALT, AST) and anti-Schistosoma mansoni(anti-Sm) IgG. Group I cases were HCVcAg negative with normal liver function tests, and 44 of them were anti-Sm positive. Ninety cases (93.75%) of group II were HCVcAg positive with markedly affected liver function tests and 72 cases were anti-Sm positive. All group I cases were examined for autoimmune markers (ANA, AMA, SMA and LKM). In group I, 33 (75%) of anti-Sm positive cases were positive for one or more of the autoimmune markers examined, while none of anti-Sm negative was positive for any marker with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Our results primarily on blood donors indicate that LP anti-HCV frequently represents false-positive reactivity with a possible role of Sm-induced autoantibodies in this phenomenon.
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PMID:Prevalence of low positive anti-HCV antibodies in blood donors: Schistosoma mansoni co-infection and possible role of autoantibodies. 1678 16

Patients suffering from Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD) are often diagnosed by spectrum of physical manifestations and laboratories abnormalities. Among biochemical abnormalities De Ritis Ratio (AST/ALT ratio) is more sensitive during any phase of the disease. This ratio is based on common tests of liver function test and can be investigated in any laboratory and is more relevant in countries like Nepal where alcohol abuse is a major cause of liver disease. Clinically diagnosed 103 ALD cases and 73 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. Selected parameters of liver function tests were analyzed by Vitalab Selectra-2 autoanalyser using Merck diagnostic kits and statistically analyzed by student "t" test. The De Ritis ratio was calculated from serum AST and ALT values and was found 2. 30:1 in patients compared to of 1.10:1 in control group. AST and ALT value showed mild to moderate elevation as it was 124.80 +/- 86.24 IU/L and 54.21 +/- 39.72 IU/L in patients compared to 35.00 +/- 23.49 IU/L and 31.48 +/- 17.79 IU/L in controls. The increase in AST and ALT level in patients was statistically significant (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.01) respectively. > or = - Glutamyl Transferase showed 425.26 +/- 36.40 IU in alcoholics compared to 70.55 +/- 27.35 IU/L in controls, a significant increase observed (p<0.001) However Alkaline Phosphatase activity was observed within normal limit. Serum Total Protein (TPR) and Albumin (ALB) showed 6.86 +/- 1.01 g/dl and 2.71 +/- 0.78 g/dl in patients with Albumin: Globulin ratio of 0.61:1 compared to 7.51 +/- 1.74 g/dl and 4.03 +/- 0.61 g/dl in controls with the ration of 1.15:1, a significant decrease in albumin (p < 0.001) without alteration of Total Protein in patients. Total and Direct bilirubin showed 2.32 +/- 1.10 mg/dl and 1.26 +/- 0.88 mg/dl in alcoholics higher than the control of 1.06 +/- 0.60 mg/dl 0.38 +/- 0.31 mg/dl (p<0.001). Diagnosis of ALD is straight forward with history-and compatible clinical features but alcoholic's denial and under estimation of alcohol abuse becomes an obstacle in confirmation. A mild to moderate disproportionate elevation of AST than ALT activity making De Ritis Ratio > 2:1, supported by reversal of Albumin/globulin ratio facilitates the diagnosis.
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PMID:De Ritis ratio as diagnostic marker of alcoholic liver disease. 1682 89

Non-ceruloplasmin bound copper ('free') seems slightly elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. To test the hypothesis of a correlation between 'free' copper and liver function in AD. We evaluated 51 AD patients and 53 controls through typical tests for chronic liver disease (AST, ALT, gamma-GT, Albumin, prothrombin time - PT-, bilirubins), along with copper, ceruloplasmin, iron, cholesterol in the serum and apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE4) genotype. Absolute serum copper and 'free' copper were higher, albumin was lower and PT longer in AD patients than in controls. 'Free' copper correlated negatively with markers of liver function, in that albumin and albumin/PT ratio (r = -0.43, p = 0.004), and positively with direct bilirubin. Copper and 'free' copper were higher in the APOE4 carriers. These results suggest that abnormalities in copper metabolism might have an effect on liver function in AD.
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PMID:'Free' copper in serum of Alzheimer's disease patients correlates with markers of liver function. 1764 16

Plasma biochemical values are routinely used in the medical management of ill reptiles, and for monitoring the health of clinically normal animals. Laboratory tests, including clinical biochemical values, are subject to biological and analytical variation, the magnitude of which determines the utility of population-based reference ranges for the detection of abnormal results in the individual animal. Nested analysis of variance of repeated measurements allows the variance to be broken into within-individual, between-individual, and analytical variation. When the within-individual variation is large and the interindividual variation is low, a sample may be accurately classified as normal or abnormal based on a population-based reference interval. However, if the intraindividual variation is low and the interindividual variation high, population-based reference intervals are of limited value as the ranges for an individual encompass only a part of the conventional reference interval. Between-lizard, within-lizard, and analytical components of variance were assessed by nested analysis of variance for 16 commonly measured plasma biochemical parameters in eight healthy adult Dumeril's monitors (Varanus dumerili). Albumin, cholesterol, phosphate, calcium, sodium, and total protein demonstrated levels of individuality suggesting that comparison of a single measurement to a conventional population-based reference range may be too insensitive to detect small but significant alterations in the value for that animal. Only for potassium and AST did the index of individuality suggest that the use of reference values may be warranted. Uric acid, globulin, glucose, and amylase fell in a gray zone, where population-based ranges should be used with caution. The critical difference indicates the difference between two consecutive analytical results that may be safely ascribed to natural variation. In the present study critical difference varied from 7 and 11%, respectively, for sodium and chloride to 75 and 125% for uric acid and AST.
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PMID:Short-term biological variation of clinical chemical values in Dumeril's monitors (Varanus dumerili). 1767 4


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