Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is evoked by diverse pathophysiological conditions and/or surgical procedures. Here, we evaluated the nephropreventive effect of sulfotransferase (SULT) inhibitors, quercetin, and resveratrol, which hamper hepatic indoxyl sulfate (IS) production. I/R of the kidney caused severe renal injury with marked accumulation of serum and renal IS and urinary excretion of kidney injury molecule-1. Oral administration of AST-120 resulted in a significant restoration of kidney injury, suggesting that uremic toxins, which can be suppressed or adsorbed by AST-120 in the intestine, contribute to the progression or development of I/R-induced AKI. Oral administration of resveratrol or quercetin, SULT inhibitors, suppressed IS accumulation, accompanied by significant amelioration of renal dysfunction. The expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the renal nuclear fractions was markedly elevated by renal I/R, but suppressed by treatment with SULT inhibitors. IS is primarily taken up by HK-2 cells derived from human proximal tubular cells via organic anion transporters, which then evokes activation of Nrf2, most likely due to intracellular oxidative stress. Renal basolateral organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3, which mediate renal tubular uptake of IS in basolateral membrane, were markedly downregulated by renal I/R, but restored by SULT inhibitors. Our results suggest that renal accumulation of IS in ischemic AKI induces oxidative stress and downregulation of organic anion transporters resulting in kidney damage, which could be restored to some extent by inhibiting hepatic SULT activity as a nephropreventive target.
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PMID:Hepatic sulfotransferase as a nephropreventing target by suppression of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate accumulation in ischemic acute kidney injury. 2495 31

Nevirapine (NVP) is associated with severe liver and skin toxicity through sulfotransferase (SULT) bioactivation of the phase I metabolite 12-hydroxy-NVP [1-3]. The female sex, a well-known risk factor for NVP-induced toxicity, is associated with higher SULT expression (4) and lower plasma levels of 12-hydroxy-NVP [3]. Interestingly, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) increases SULT2B1 activity and ApoA1 synthesis is increased by NVP [5, 6]. Herein, we explore the effect of ApoA1 levels on NVP metabolism and liver function. The study protocol was firstly approved by the hospitals' Ethics Committees. All included individuals were HIV-infected patients treated with NVP for at least one month. The plasma concentrations of NVP and its phase I metabolites were quantified by HPLC [7]. ApoA1 levels were assessed by an immunoturbidimetric assay. Forty-nine HIV-infected patients on NVP were included (53% men, 59% Caucasian). NVP plasma levels were correlated with HDL-cholesterol (Spearman r=0.2631; p=0.0441) and ApoA1 (Spearman r=0.3907; p=0.0115). Women had higher ApoA1 levels than men (Student's t Test; p=0.0051). In both sexes, 12-hydroxy-NVP levels were negatively correlated with ApoA1 (male: Spearman r=-0.3810; p=0.0499 female: Spearman r=-0.5944; p=0.0415). In men, ApoA1 was positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST, Spearman r=0.5507; p=0.0413), while in women ApoA1 was associated (Spearman r=0.6408; p=0.0056) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT). These results show sex differences in NVP-induced ApoA1 synthesis. The higher ApoA1 levels in women might stabilize SULT2B1 [6]. This would explain the lower levels of 12-hydroxy-NVP [3] and the higher hepatotoxicity found in women, due to increased sulfonation of this metabolite. These data support a role for ApoA1 in the sex dimorphic mechanism leading to NVP-induced toxicity.
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PMID:Sex differences in apolipoprotein A1 and nevirapine-induced toxicity. 2539 82


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