Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty biochemical parameters have been studied in 94 athlets of Marcialonga in basic conditions and after 30 min from the end of the competition. Urea, uric acid, creatinin, total proteins, albumin, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and several enzymes (AST, ALT, LAD, CK and ALP) have shown statistically significant increasings. It is, above all, clear the increasing of CK. On the contrary triglycerides have undergone a significant decreasing. The AA. try to explain the results obtained, considering some pathogenetic theories.
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PMID:[A study of biochemical parameters in 94 athlets of Marcialonga (author's transl)]. 75 25

The morphological, histochemical and biochemical changes in the liver of rats challenged with a single intraperitoneal injection of the toxin of lupinosis were investigated. The resulting injury is biphasic. The initial non-specific phase lasts for a few days, affects mainly the centrilobular region and is characterised by mitochondrial swelling, lipid accummulation and autophagosome formation. In addition, the hepatic concentrations of OCT, LDH, SDH, and AST fall while that for ALP increase. This is accompanied by a rise in the serum concentration of many of these enzymes. The second phase lasts longer and is characterised by phenomena indicative of abnormalities in hepatocytic division. Normal and abnormal metaphase as well as multinucleated hepatocytes falls. The possibility that the toxin of lupinosis interferes with microtubular units is considered.
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PMID:The pathogenesis of lupinosis in the rat. 125 1

In compliance with the mandatory medical surveillance of workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in Italy, isoenzyme fractioning of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was performed on 141 workers of both sexes and on 130 control subjects. None of the workers showed any clinical symptoms of liver disease and their enzymatic profiles, including AST, ALT, 5'-NU, ALP, and GGT, were within the normal reference limits. A statistically significant increase in total GGT serum level was found in the exposed subjects, which was associated with an increase in one of the two fractions normally present in healthy individuals (GGT-2), as well as with the appearance and progressive increase of the level of a fraction (GGT-4) considered to be an expression of hepato-biliary impairment. Further research is ongoing among these workers, which will clarify whether or not electrophoretic GGT tests may be useful in detecting liver function changes due to occupational exposure to PCE.
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PMID:gamma-Glutamyltransferase isoenzyme pattern in workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene. 135 99

The normal values (clinical references range) of the laboratory tests differs among hospitals due to the differences in: (1) the kinds of instruments and reagents used, (2) how the population for study was selected and the size of the population was, (3) when the specimens were taken, (4) how they were stored until use, and (5) how the data obtained were calculated and (6) who evaluated the results. In this study, questionnaires regarding the above-mentioned points were sent to the heads of the clinical laboratories in 80 university hospitals in Japan. Answers were received from 71 laboratories (the rate of recovery was 88.8%). The normal range of potassium, uric acid, total cholesterol, enzyme activities [ALP, LDH, CHE, AST (GOT) and ALT (GPT)] in the university hospitals in Japan varied. It is not ideal to use different reference values in different hospitals. However, it is impossible to prepare a standard manual to obtain the normal range at present. When the inter-hospital differences become small enough to obtain one normal range for the Japanese peoples, a standard manual for normal values should be made.
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PMID:[Present status and problems of the normal values (clinical reference range) of the laboratory tests--results of a questionnaire survey in university hospitals in Japan]. 140 53

The toxic effects of bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) on the rat liver were studied with an electron microscope and the accumulation sites of tin were determined with an X-ray microanalyzer. The activities of serum enzymes and the concentration of serum bilirubin were also analyzed. Male Wistar rats received an intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml/kg of TBTO. Marked swelling of the mitochondria appeared in the hepatocytes 4 h after injection of TBTO. Cytoplasmic vacuoles, which contained degenerated mitochondria, gradually increased in number in these hepatocytes. This in turn may have caused a decrease in the volume of hepatic cell cords and an enlargement of sinusoids in the entire hepatic lobule. However, fine structures of intrahepatic bile ducts were not altered. By X-ray microanalysis, tin peaks were preferentially obtained from swollen mitochondria of the hepatocytes. By polarographic analysis of the respiratory responses of mitochondria, it was demonstrated that rates of state 4 respiration and respiratory control ratio were significantly disturbed in TBTO-treated rats in comparison with those of controls. The activities of AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) were significantly increased after TBTO treatment, but those of ALP (alkaline phosphatase), LAP (leucine aminopeptidase) and total bilirubin were not changed. These results indicated that parenterally administered TBTO accumulated in the liver cell mitochondria and disturbed oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial dysfunction might induce severe damage of the hepatocytes. Four days after injection of TBTO, hepatic structures and chemical indices were almost restored by the regeneration of hepatocytes.
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PMID:Studies on the hepatotoxicity induced by bis (tributyltin) oxide. 149 81

A protein-energy deficit produces stress in the organism affecting all systems. Proportional to the degree of disease, cortisol and GH are mostly responsible for some of these effects. To investigate the effects on liver and bone, cortisol, GH, AST, ALT, ALP activities and Ca(T) and P(i) in serum were measured in 21 marasmus, nine kwashiorkor and 34 control children. In the marasmus group, we found a positive correlation between cortisol and AST, ALT and Ca(T) and a negative correlation between cortisol and ALP. In the kwashiorkor group there were positive correlations between the same parameters, although, they were of a lesser degree. Furthermore, in the kwashiorkor group we established a positive correlation between GH and ALP. Cortisol stimulates transaminases directly and suppresses ALP activity, thus indirectly increasing Ca(T), whereas GH has no direct effect on these enzymes. As the disease progresses and as liver functions deteriorate, AST, ALT and ALP increase in serum.
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PMID:Effects of cortisol and growth hormone on the metabolism of liver and bone in children with malnutrition. 150 26

This study was performed to investigate modifications in the serum bilirubin forms, hepatobiliary enzymes, and some glycoproteic substances in patients during the course of extrahepatic cholestasis (stage A) and following its clinical resolution (stage B). The series consisted of 16 patients: 11 had main bile duct stones; two, benign stenosis of the main bile duct; and three, main bile duct cancer. Cholestasis resolved spontaneously in one case, under endoscopy in two, and following surgery in 13. Five patients with liver cirrhosis and a picture of intrahepatic cholestasis following anesthesia were also investigated. Serum bilirubin forms were measured using van den Bergh's method and the alkaline methanolysis-HPLC procedure; the mono- and di-conjugated forms were considered together in the overall evaluation of the results. The hepatobiliary enzymes (ALP, GGT, and AST) were increased at stage A and significantly decreased at stage B. Similar patterns were observed in total (TB), unconjugated (UB), and conjugated bilirubin (CB) and in the percentage of CB out of TB (% CB). In the majority of patients, % CB at stage B was lower than at stage A, whereas in subjects with a high initial UB value, a different % CB pattern was observed. The direct bilirubin percentage (% DB), on the other hand, had a different pattern, and the variations between stages A and B were not significant. The pathophysiological bilirubin pattern was similar in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. At stage A, in a number of patients the levels of glycoproteic substances (CA 19-9, TPA and ferritin) were raised, but at stage B they tended to decrease towards the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alterations in bilirubin metabolism during extra- and intrahepatic cholestasis. 160 Mar 31

Adding less than 0.5% w/w of culture material of strain MRC 826 of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme to a carbohydrate diet low in fat resulted in an atherogenic plasma lipid profile in a non-human primate. Simultaneously increased plasma fibrinogen and activity of blood coagulation factor VII could enhance atherogenesis. This unique potential for promotion of atherosclerosis was probably secondary to chronic hepatotoxicity as indicated by liver fibrosis and elevated cholesterol, albumin and the enzymes AST, ALT, LD, GGT and ALP in serum. The cholesterol and enzymes responded in proportion to the calculated doses of fumonisin mycotoxins in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 cultures. Fumonisins are water soluble and heat stable. Thrombotic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and cerebral effects of MRC 826 culture material and fumonisins are well known in non-primates. The estimated fumonisin concentrations tested fall within a range due to natural contamination of human foods. The results suggest that all maize grain products should be analysed for fumonisins.
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PMID:Atherogenic effects in a non-human primate of Fusarium moniliforme cultures added to a carbohydrate diet. 163 55

62 specimens of cystic fluid drawn back by ultrasound guided needle-aspiration in 37 males and 25 females were evaluated biochemical analysis including magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, uric acid, total protein, sugar, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, ALP, ACP, PAP, alpha-amilasys. In our study Cl, Na and sugar showed similar concentrations in the two fluids. Uric acid, and urea were more concentrated in the cystic fluid while Mg, Ca and total protein were more pronounced in the blood. The results obtained seem to indicate that simple renal cyst could originate from glomerular proximal tubulus part of the nephron as consequence of an obstructive cause.
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PMID:[Simple renal cysts, biochemical analysis of the cystic fluid, and comparison with blood parameters]. 183 Apr 3

Clinically healthy silver foxes obtained from a closed colony were investigated for the purpose of establishing base-line data for this species. The anthropometry (body weight; body length; length and width of the head; width, depth, and circumference of the chest; length of the tail), anatomical measurements (weight; longitudinal and transverse length; thickness of the main organs) and serum biochemical assays (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, CK, lipase, GGT, T-Cho, beta-Lipo, TG, Phos-Lip, Tp, T-Bil, UA, BUN, Crea, Glu, Ca, IP, Mg, Fe, Na, K, Cl, LDH and CK isoenzymes) were carried out. The data were presented as mean values with standard deviations, and compared with those of the dog. The coefficient of variation (CV) for each of the anthropometric parameters was low, except for that of female body weight for which the CV was 17%. The body size of the male was larger than the female, and the weights of the main organs, corresponding to body size, were greater than the female. The results were equivalent to those for a Beagle dog aged between 3 and 5 months. Significant differences between the sexes were detected in the following parameters: concentrations of BUN, beta-Lipo and T-Bil (p less than 0.01); concentration of Mg and Glu (p less than 0.05); activity of LDH and lipase (p less than 0.05). The biochemical data ware uniform with some exceptions. These were AST (142 IU/l) and ALP (122 IU/l) in a 5-year-old male fox, Glu (over 200 mg/dl) in four 2-year-old female foxes, CK (629 IU/l) in a 2-year-old female fox, and finally CK (366 IU/l) and lipase (428 IU/l) in an 8-year-old female fox, all of which were elevated. These data were similar to the reference values for the dog previously reported. The reference values presented in this report for the silver fox will be valuable as a guide for clinical diagnosis and research.
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PMID:Reference data on the anatomy and serum biochemistry of the silver fox. 195 49


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