Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnosis of acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion in the dog has been achieved in every case by isotope scanning of the abdomen using technetium-labelled red cells or technetium-labelled human serum albumin. The white cell count is also significantly elevated, but the changes in the levels of the enzymes CPK, LDH, AST and serum amylase are not specific for actue mesenteric ischaemia. In the human the presence of a normal gut circulation can be demonstrated by isotope scanning provided that the patient is not severely shocked. The presence of a normal gut circulation as shown on the scintigram conclusively eliminates the possibility of acute main trunk occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery. This should be of help in differentiating acute occulusive mesenteric ischaemia from other causes of the acute abdomen. Abdominal scintiscanning is complementary to angiography, which still remains the most precise means of diagnosing acute mesenteric ischaemia. Although the abdominal scintigram is more limited in its application and is not as accurate as angiography, it is quicker to perform, non-invasive, and entirely safe. Abdominal scintiscanning is an excellent screening test to be used in patients suspected of suffering from acute occlusive mesenteric ischaemia.
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PMID:The early diagnosis of acute occlusive mesenteric ischaemia: experimental results and clinical applications. 28 87

The effects of myocardial reperfusion have been examined following a 1 h coronary occlusion and compared to a permanent coronary ligation in pigs. Haemodynamic investigations were carried out throughout the surgical intervention and repeated after 7 days. Cellular injury was estimated by serial serum enzyme determinations (creatin phosphokinase, alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase) during the first 5 postoperative days; infarct size was assessed morphometrically by a histochemical staining procedure 1 week after the temporary or permanent coronary occlusion. A linear correlation was found between the logarithmically plotted peak serum activity of AST, HBDH, CPK and the morphometrically determined infarct size. Based upon enzyme and morphometrical studies no significant difference could be detected between the two experimental groups. In the animals subjected to transient coronary occlusion, however, the development of a ventricular aneurysm had been prevented to early and sustained reperfusion. Early re-establishment of coronary circulation appears to accelerate the proliferation of a more resistant granulation tissue into the infarcted area. Cardiac performance was not improved by myocardial reperfusion.
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PMID:Consequences of myocardial reperfusion following temporary coronary occlusion in pigs; effects on morphologic, biochemical and haemodynamic findings. 41 74

Exclusion of acute myocardial infarction preoperatively, particularly in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, is an important requirement for optimal results following coronary revascularization. Unfortunately, activity of conventionally measured serum enzymes (AST, LDH, total CPK) is frequently raised because of enzyme released from non-cardiac sources during the catheterization procedure. however, serum activity of the MB CPK isoenzyme, an isoenzyme found primarily in heart muscle, appears to be more specific. Accordingly, in the present study, total CPK and MB CPK activities were determined in serum samples from 53 patients undergoing diagnostic catheterization, immediately before study and serially for 24 hours afterwards. A comprehensive range of catheterization procedures included selective coronary arteriography in 39 patients by brachial (17) or femoral (22) artery approaches. Myocardial infarction was excluded by clinical and electrocardiographic criteria in all patients before and after the procedure. MB CPK isoenzyme activity was also measured in serum samples from 50 patients with actue myocardial infarction documented electrocardiographically, and in 20 controls admitted to hospital but without cardiovascular disease. In patients with acute myocardial infarction, both total CPK and MB CPK isoenzyme levels were significantly raised (0.78 +/- 0.087 and 0.086 +/- 0.037 IU/ml, respectively), exceeding the upper limit of normal in all cases. MB CPK activity remained within normal limits (less than 0.004 IU/ml) in all 20 subjects without cardiovascular disease. Peak total serum CPK activity exceeded control levels in all patients undergoing catheterization (0.260 +/- 0.033). However, in each case, MB CPK isoenzyme activity remained within normal limits (less than .004). Thus, in contrast to an increase of activity of conventionally used serum enzymes, increased MB CPK isoenzyme activity is a reliable indicator of myocardial infarction, even in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
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PMID:Serum CPK isoenzymes after cardiac catheterization. 119 29

The effect of continuous removal of thoracic duct lymph on plasma activities of creatine phosphokinase (PCK), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (PAST); and lactic dehydrogenase (PLDH), uas examined in pentobarbital-anaesthetised dogs over a 5.5-hour period. PCK and PAST declined relative to levels in control dogs while PLDH was unaltered. Lymph/plasma (L/P) ratios for AST and CPK were greater, and for LDH less, than the L/P ratio for total protein. It was concluded that PCK, and to some extent PAST, are normally maintained by introduction of enzyme, escaping from the intracellular compartment, into the circulating blood via the lymphatic system. PLDH and PAST appear to be maintained principally by introduction of enzyme directly from the intracellular to the plasma compartment.
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PMID:Plasma enzyme levels in the anaesthetised dog during drainage of thoracic duct lymph. 124 97

Six HK (high erythrocyte potassium) and 7 LK (low erythrocyte potassium) dairy cows were subjected to a 4-h intravenous infusion of 4.7% Na2EDTA solution to induce and maintain hypocalcaemia. Blood samples taken immediately before infusion, hourly for 7 h, and at 24 h after commencement of infusion were subjected to determination of concentration (or count) of 16 analytes. The mean changes in concentrations (or counts) of the various blood analytes were calculated for the periods 0-4, 4-7, 7-24, and 0-24 h after commencement of the infusion for all cows combined, and then separately for the HK and LK groups of cows. Plasma Ca(PCa), plasma inorganic phosphorus (PiP) and plasma potassium (PK) showed significant decreases during the 4-h infusion period and were still below pretreatment levels 24 h later. AST, CPK, PCVs and white cell-counts (WCCs) showed significant early increases which were still significantly elevated 24 h later. Plasma magnesium (PMg) and erythrocyte Na(ENa) and K(EK) all showed delayed changes which still persisted 24 h later. Significant between-group differences were present for PCVs which increased significantly more in the LK than the HK group during the infusion period, for PCa which showed a greater increase in the HK cows than the LK cows during the 4-7 h early clinical recovery period, and for plasma bilirubin (PBil) which showed a greater increase from 0 to 24 h in the HK group than in the LK group. Urine samples, collected before infusion, 4-7 h and 24 h after commencement of the infusion, were subjected to analysis for glucose, protein, pH, 'blood' and ketones. Most cows showed increases in urinary glucose, protein and 'blood'.
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PMID:The effects of hypocalcaemia due to a 4-hour infusion of Na2EDTA solution on various blood and urine analytes in dairy cows and a comparison of these effects between cows with high and low erythrocyte potassium concentrations. 149 40

The detection rate was examined for ECG (EchoECG) equivalents of clinical coronary heart disease (CHD) forms, such as angina pectoris, focal myocardial dystrophy, small and large myocardial infarction, at various levels of the peak activity of blood creatine phosphokinase in the acute period of the disease. A series of investigations revealed in the acute period the time when myoglobin, CPK, CPK MB, AST, and LDH attained their maximal blood content, which were directly related to the molecular weight of proteins. The findings allowed the author to consider a relationship between the values obtained by diagnostic techniques and the time course of an infarct process, the mass of ischemic necrosis and its topography in the myocardium.
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PMID:[Correlations of laboratory and instrumental method parameters in the diagnosis of acute ischemic lesion of the myocardium]. 229 Feb 68

Cerebrospinal fluid was tested for several enzymes (CPK, AST, GGTP, BP, BG, AK) in 97 patients with generalized meningococcal infection with prevalent CNS affliction. Marked changes were detected even in the absence of clinical signs of cerebral lesion that was typical only of meningococcemia. Nevertheless, most pronounced changes were observed in a group of patients with cerebral edema and swelling. The changes in cerebrospinal fluid enzyme levels coincided with a reduced glucose and increased protein contents. In these cases, CSF hypertension increased CSF pressure to maximal levels. Most informative indices were singled out and their levels characteristic of acute phase of the disease established.
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PMID:[Enzymologic diagnosis of cerebral lesions in generalized forms of meningococcal infection in the acute period]. 256 98

The physical condition of 44 calves delivered by caesarean section before term was monitored by clinical and repeated laboratory examinations (analysis of AST, GLDH, gamma-GT, CPK, total bilirubin) during the first seven days of life. The newborns were divided into two groups based on the clinical observations during the first hour of life, the blood pH and the base deficit: Group 1: 30 calves without respiratory distress syndrome (vital, non asphyxial); they did not develop any diseases in the course of the experiment. Group 2: 14 calves with respiratory distress syndrome (asphyxial; 9 of these animals died in the course of the experiment. No significant differences between the vital and asphyxial calves were found in respect to the enzymes AST, GLDH, gamma-GT, CK as well as total bilirubin values measured during the first week of life. These blood parameters were within the normal range for calves delivered at term. The results do not indicate any disorder in liver and muscle functions in prematurely born calves with or without respiratory distress syndrome.
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PMID:[AST, GLDH, gamma-GT, total bilirubin and CK values during the first week of life in healthy premature calves or calves with a late asphyxia syndrome]. 256 22

The present work summarises the experience gained with the use of extracorporeal hemoperfusion in 45 patients suffering from rheumatic diseases. During hemoperfusion, there was a decrease in the initially activated LDH, CPK, AST, ALT and AP. The reduction of the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in plasma and red blood cells is assessed as an adverse effect of hemoperfusion, since the content of phospholipids and cholesterol was under normal before hemoperfusion. The changes indicated point to the necessity of administering antioxidants and exogenous phospholipids.
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PMID:[Hemosorption in systemic vasculitis]. 278 70

Plasma CPK activity and the activity of isoenzymes MDH, AST and LDH were assessed in 60 patients with myocardial infarction of different severity, with reference to the time since the onset of the attack. The peaks of CPK and MDH-C activity were reached sooner than those of LDH-M and AST-C, while the CPK and MDH-C curves were similar. The severity of the disease showed correlation to later onset of enzyme peaks and markedly delayed decrease in the respective values. Increased activity of mitochondrial isoenzymes and blood LDH-M provided additional information on the severity of the disease. Delayed normalization of these activities was associated with a poor diagnosis.
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PMID:[Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in myocardial infarction]. 323 Jul 77


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