Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis C infection following orthotopic liver transplantation may lead to progressive chronic graft dysfunction. In this study, seven liver transplant recipients with chronic allograft dysfunction due to hepatitis C infection (one acquired and six recurrent infections) were treated with oral ribavirin for 6 months. Symptoms of lethargy, nausea and anorexia improved in all patients within 2 weeks of starting the drug, with a fall in serum AST of at least 40% by this time. Ribavirin-induced haemolysis was clinically significant in three patients, necessitating a reduction in the daily dose of ribavirin from 1.2 g to 0.2 g. Comparison of the pre- and post-treatment biopsy specimens in the four patients who tolerated the full dose of ribavirin and who had normal AST levels at the end of 6 months of treatment showed significant histological improvement with reduction in either lobular or periportal inflammation in all of the patients and a reduction in periportal fibrosis in one patient. HCV RNA remained detectable in serum in all of the patients at the end of the study.
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PMID:Ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C infection following liver transplantation. 753 82

The physical, clinicopathologic, and survival rates of 77 cats with severe spontaneous hepatic lipidosis are detailed in this report. Cats were subdivided into groups designated as idiopathic lipidosis if no other disease process was recognized, or secondary lipidosis if another disease process was diagnosed. Cats were also subdivided into groups designated as survivors or nonsurvivors on the basis of successful recuperation at 4 months after initial diagnosis. Differences between disease and survival groups were evaluated for significance. Overall, more female cats and middle-aged cats were affected. Presenting complaints of vomiting, anorexia, weakness, and weight loss were common. Physical assessment of most cats showed obvious hepatomegaly, jaundice, dehydration, and a weight loss > or = 25% of usual body weight. Neurobehavioral signs indicative of hepatic encephalopathy, other than ptyalism and depression, were rare. Clinicopathologic features are characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and increased activities of serum ALT, AST, and ALP, with only small if any increase in gamma GT activity. Clinical features distinguishing cats with hepatic lipidosis from those with other serious cholestatic disorders include absence of hyperglobulinemia and low gamma GT activity relative to ALP activity. Although coagulation tests were abnormal in 45% of cats tested (n = 44), few cats showed clinical bleeding tendencies. Most cats received prophylactic vitamin K1 therapy. Forty two cats received aggressive nutritional and supportive care and of these 55% survived. Cats with idiopathic disease were significantly younger, had significantly higher ALP activity and bilirubin concentration, and had a slightly better survival rate than cats with secondary lipidosis. Low PCV, hypokalemia, and an older age were significantly related to nonsurvival. Because of the variety of diets and food supplements used in case management, the influence of nutritional factors on survival could not be evaluated.
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PMID:A retrospective study of 77 cats with severe hepatic lipidosis: 1975-1990. 811 31

We report the case of an 80-year-old woman with a previous history of HBP, hysterectomy due to cancer of the uterus and cholelithiasis, who was admitted in our hospital because of diffuse abdominal pain, marked jaundice, choluria and acholia during one week, together with anorexia and loss of weight. Blood chemistry results disclosed a total bilirubin of 11 mg/dl, a direct bilirubin of 8 mg/dl, GGTP 826 U/I, alkaline phosphatase 287 U/I, AST 285 U/I, ALT 837 U/I and LDH 242 U/I. The CA 19-9 marker was higher than 500 U/ml. The abdominal ultrasound examination did not show any space-occupying lesions; the extra and intrahepatic bile ducts were very dilated and the gall bladder showed multiple stones within its contents. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) showed a homogeneous filiform defect at the middle third of the common bile duct of approximately 1 cm in length and with a marked dilatation of the bile ducts. A percutaneous drainage of the bile tree was performed, but the patient died.
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PMID:[Cancer of the middle third of the choledochus: an infrequent diagnosis]. 821 88

Three calves received 10 g Riedeliella graciflora dry leaves/kg body weight by gavage. Blood samples were taken immediately before plant administration and at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours later; serum ALT, AST, AP, TB, urea and creatinine were determined. After R graciflora administration, the calves had anorexia, profound depression and recumbency prior to death. Creatinine levels increased markedly until death. Severe tubular nephrosis was consistently observed.
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PMID:The acute toxicity of Riedeliella graciflora in calves. 859 33

Myoporum laetum was collected in the municipalities of Rio Grande and Capao do Leao in winter and in Santa Vitoria in summer, autumn, winter and spring, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and in the Department of Rocha, Uruguay, in winter and spring. The fresh green plant was fed to 17 sheep. All sheep developed clinical signs, except 1 that consumed only 4 g/kg bw daily during 10 d. Five of the 9 sheep dosed with 40 g/kg died. Four sheep dosed with plants from Uruguay at 40 g/kg, 6 sheep dosed with 20 g/kg, and 1 sheep dosed with 2 daily doses of 8 g/kg survived. Clinical signs were anorexia, restlessness, ruminal stasis, jaundice and dry feces with mucus or blood. All surviving sheep had photodermatitis in the face, ears, eyes and lips. Histologic lesions were characterized by periportal liver necrosis. Serum levels of AST, GGT and bilirubin were increased. M laetum from Uruguay was less toxic, suggesting a variation in toxicity among plants from different regions.
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PMID:Experimental intoxication by Myoporum laetum in sheep. 961 Apr 88

The white liver disease was first observed in the canton of Berne in 1985. Until 1995 we could observe the outbreak of the disease in seven flocks. The first clinical signs were anorexia, then delayed growth, weight loss and finally cachexy. The animals showed photosensitivity on ears, eyelids and nose. A hematological and blood biochemical examination revealed a mild normochrome, normocytic anemia as well as a significant elevation of GGT and a mild elevation of AST values. By examining the swollen grey-white to yellow livers histologically we could find a mostly pronounced, primarily panacinar, degenerative fatty degeneration of the liver, ceroid pigment in the macrophages, biliary hyperplasia as well as a secondary periportal hepatitis.
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PMID:[Occurrence of white liver dis in lambs in Switzerland]. 962 44

Melia azedarach fruits were administered at single doses ranging from 5 to 30 g/kg bw to 10 calves. The animals dosed with 25 g/kg bw and 30 g/ kg bw died, as well as 1/2 cattle that received 15 g/kg bw. Clinical signs were depression, ruminal stasis, anorexia, diarrhea, incoordination, muscle tremors, difficulty to stand, sternal recumbence, hypothermia and dyspnea. Serum AST and CPK were increased. Signs appeared 4 to 24 h after dosing and the clinical manifestations continued for 20 to 72 h. Macroscopic findings included congestion of the intestine, focal or diffuseyellow discoloration of the liver, and brain congestion. LiQuid content was in rumen, reticulum and intestines. The liver had swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, and necrotic hepatocytes were scattered throughout the parenchyma or concentrated in the periacinar zone. Degenerative and necrotic changes were in the epithelium of the forestomachs. There was also necrosis of lymphoid tissue. Skeletal muscles had hyaline degeneration and fiber necrosis.
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PMID:Intoxication of cattle by the fruits of Melia azedarach. 1204 65

SM-11355 is a platinum complex developed to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is administered via the hepatic artery, using a carrier, lipiodol, that consists of ethyl esters of iodized poppy seed oil. We have performed a phase I clinical trial of an SM-11355-lipiodol formulation in 11 HCC patients, in order to investigate the maximum allowable dose and to maximize the efficacy and safety of the drug in the treatment of HCC. The SM-11355 arterial infusion suspension was administered at doses of 6, 12 and 20 mg ml(-1) in a maximum lipiodol volume of 6 ml. An antitumour efficacy rating of complete response was achieved for one patient and a partial response rating was achieved for a second patient, giving an overall response rate of 18.2%. Anorexia, nausea and vomiting, pyrexia, thrombocytopenia and increases in AST, ALT and total bilirubin were observed as adverse effects, but each was transient and each patient had recovered completely by 4 weeks after drug administration. Hence, we concluded that the maximum allowable dose was not reached in this study. Overall, our results suggest that SM-11355 is effective in treating HCC and we suggest that the dose for early phase II trials should be 20 mg ml(-1).
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PMID:Phase I clinical study of a novel lipophilic platinum complex (SM-11355) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma refractory to cisplatin/lipiodol. 1458 58

In a dairy herd of 21 cows which were on pasture during the day at the end of May 2002, four eight years old cows were suddenly inappetent and showed severe diarrhoea consisting of black discolorate feces. A few days after the onset of the disease, three affected cows exhibited neurological disorders. These cows were admitted to the IInd Medical Clinic of the University for Veterinary Medicine in Vienna. Following clinical signs were observed: circulatory weakness, anorexia, atony of the rumen, diarrhoea and in accordance with acute lead poisoning typical signs of the central nervous system. One cow died and the other two animals were euthanized. Results of blood testing were anaemia, basophil spotting of erythrocytes, increase of liver enzymes and CK, hypocalcaemia, decrease of potassium and phosphate. The cerebrospinal fluid of two cows showed increased CK-, LDH- and AST-values. The lead contents of whole blood samples were between 0.486 and 0.928 mg/kg, of liver samples 13.3 to 114.4 mg/kg, of kidney samples 172.2 to 448 mg/kg and of rumen content 59 mg/kg fresh matter. At necropsy, enteritis, liver fluke disease and severe interstitial and alveolar pulmonary emphysema were found. Pathohistologically typical ischaemic necrosis of neurons predominantly at the tips of the gyri, disseminated petechial hemorrhages and moderate diffuse neovascularisation, but no acid-fast intranucleolar inclusion bodies in the renal tubules were observed. As causative agent of the acute lead poisoning a residue on combustion, taken up by the cows on the pasture, was confirmed. The ash residue was formed by combustion of three tires which contained 450 g heavy weights of 96.5% lead for wheel balance. The lead content of the ash residue was between 2.9 and 28 g/kg dry matter.
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PMID:[Acute lead poisoning in cows due to feeding of lead contaminated ash residue]. 1496 24

The plant Mentha piperita, or peppermint, is commonly used in the treatment of loss of appetite, common cold, bronchitis, sinusitis, fever, nausea and vomiting, and indigestion as a herbal agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate biochemical and histological effects of M. piperita Labiatae, growing in the Yenisar Bademli town of Isparta city, and Mentha spicata Labiatae, growing in the Anamas high plateau of the Yenisar Bademli town, on the rat liver tissue. Forty-eight male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were used for this study. Rats were divided into four groups of 12 animals: Group I received no herbal tea (control group); Group II received 20 g/L M. piperita tea; Group III received 20 g/L M. spicata tea; and Group IV received 40 g/L M. spicata tea. Herbal teas were prepared daily and provided at all times to the rats during 30 days as drinking water. Liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST/GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) activities were measured. To evaluate liver antioxidant defences, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities were determined in the homogenates of liver tissue. In addition, liver tissues were submitted for histopathologic examination. AST and ALT activities were increased in Group II, Group III and Group IV gradually when compared with the control group. The difference between Group II and the control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). Increases in AST and ALT activities of Group III and Group IV were statistically significant when compared with the control group. SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were increased in Group II when compared with the control group but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.016). However, SOD, GSH-Px activities and the TBARS level were significantly increased, and CAT activity was significantly decreased in Group III when compared with the control group. In Group IV, while SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were decreased, the TBARS level was increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.0016). Histopathological evaluation of experimental groups revealed a mild to severe degree of hepatic damage when compared to the control group. In Group II, there was only minimal hepatocytes degeneration. In Groups III and IV, there were granular or ballooning hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, sinusoidal and central vein dilatation. It was concluded that lipid peroxidation and hepatic damage occurs after M. piperita and M. spicata administration in rat liver and the damage seems to be dose dependent.
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PMID:Investigation of biochemical and histopathological effects of Mentha piperita Labiatae and Mentha spicata Labiatae on liver tissue in rats. 1502 12


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