Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.3.1.109 (AST)
 6,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Japanese have a polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene (ADH2). The alleles of ADH2 (ADH2*1 and ADH2*2) encode more active and less active forms for ethanol metabolism, respectively. We examined whether liver damage and the insulin-glucose axis vary according to ADH2 genotype in the Japanese. The 2,232 subjects (1,126 men and 1,106 women) were recruited from a population-based prospective cohort study. Clinical evaluations including alcohol consumption, percentage of alcohol drinkers, plasma glucose, HbA1c, insulin, AST, ALT, gamma-GTP, and prevalence of diabetes were compared among the ADH2 genotypes. The percentage of drinkers, alcohol consumption, AST, ALT, and gamma-GTP were higher in group ADH2*1/1 than in group ADH2*1/2 or ADH2*2/2 (all P < 0.05). Hence, ADH2*1/1 is associated with excess alcohol intake and liver disorders. However, the prevalence of diabetes did not differ among the three groups. For the glucose-insulin axis, we examined subjects who did not receive insulin therapy or oral anti-diabetes medication. While amounts of alcohol consumed and glucose levels were nearly the same between ADH*1/2 and ADH2*2/2, insulin concentrations were lower in ADH2*2/1 than in ADH2*2/2 (P < 0.05 in men). This finding suggests that the ADH2*1 allele is associated with a lower insulin concentration when alcohol intake is light or moderate. It also suggests that the genetic effect of ADH2*1 plays an important role in alcohol drinking behavior and in the occurrence of liver injury, but the effect is so mild that it does not influence the glucose-insulin axis or prevalence of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Association of alcohol dehydrogenase 2*1 allele with liver damage and insulin concentration in the Japanese. 1630 79

Variants in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes differ between ethnic groups and have, in some studies, been found to be associated with alcohol dependence and alcoholic liver disease. This study sought to determine whether an association exists between ADH (ADH1C previously ADH3, ADH1B*2 previously ADH2*2) genotypes, alcohol dependence, drinking history, and liver function tests in the two major ethnic groups of Trinidad and Tobago (TT). One hundred and forty-five alcohol-dependent individuals of both East Indian (Indo-TT) and African (Afro-TT) ancestry, and 108 controls matched by age, sex, and education participated in the study. Serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) as well as presence of HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen, and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody were determined. There was a significant difference in the distribution of ADH1C allele polymorphisms between the ethnic groups (P<.0001). Forty-three percent of the Indo-TT were found to have one ADH1C*2 allele and 5% were homozygous, whereas, only 23% of Afro-TT had one allele and one was homozygous. Only three individuals had an ADH1B*2 allele (one Indo-TT alcohol dependent, two Indo-TT controls). The ADH1C*2 allele was significantly associated with alcohol dependence overall and within Indo-TT ancestry, however, it was not associated with current or heaviest alcohol consumption levels. Individuals with at least one ADH1C*2 allele also had significantly elevated levels of ALP (P<.02) and GGT (P<.02) as compared to individuals homozygous for ADH1C*. Additionally, GGT levels were also found to be elevated (P<.02) within Indo-TT alcohol dependents with at least one ADH1C*2 allele but not within the Afro-TT alcohol dependents with that allele. A linear regression that included alcohol dependence and levels of alcohol consumption confirmed that levels of serum GGT were significantly associated with the ADH1C*2 genotype. These results suggest that ADH1C polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and alcohol associated elevations of liver enzymes in a population with a low frequency of ADH1B2 alleles.
 ...
PMID:ADH1C*2 allele is associated with alcohol dependence and elevated liver enzymes in Trinidad and Tobago. 1713 60