Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.3.1.108 (TAT)
 2,389 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Direct differentiation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in the absence of gene manipulation is the most desired alternative to clinical treatment of Parkinson disease. Protein transduction-based methods could be efficient, safe approaches to enhance direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to DA neurons. In the present study, we compared the differentiation efficiency of DA neurons from hESCs with and without the application of LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A), a master regulatory protein in the development of the midbrain neurons and SHH proteins. The results obtained revealed that the treatment of hESCs with recombinant LMX1A (rLMX1A) protein along with dual SMAD inhibition led to higher expression of LMX1B, LMX1A, FOXA2, PITX3, EN1, and WNT1 effector endogenous genes and two-fold expression of PITX3. Moreover, the highest expression level of PITX3 and TH was observed when rLMX1A was added to the induction medium supplemented with SHH. To our best knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the application of TAT-LMX1A recombinant protein to enhance hESC differentiation to DA as shown by the expression of DA specific makers. These findings pave the way for enhancing the differentiation of hESCs to DA neurons safely and efficiently without genetic modification.
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PMID:Efficient differentiation of human embryonic stem cells toward dopaminergic neurons using recombinant LMX1A factor. 3039 Feb 7

Recent progress in the generation of induced neural progenitor cells (iNPCs) holds tremendous potential for regenerative medicine. However, a major limitation is the lack of a reliable source for cell replacement therapy in neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we show that the combination of small molecules (SM) and TAT-mediated protein transduction of SOX2 and LMX1a in a 3D sphere culture directly convert human fibroblasts to induced dopaminergic neural progenitor-like cells (iDPCs). The generated iDPCs expressed various NPC markers (SOX2, PAX6, NESTIN, OLIG2) and midbrain progenitor markers (EN1, LMX1a, FOXA2, WNT1) as detected by immunostaining and real-time PCR. Following differentiation, the majority of cells expressed neuronal dopaminergic markers as indicated by co-expression of TH with NURR1, and/or PITX3. We found that SOX2 and LMX1a TAT-mediated protein transduction in the combination of SM could directly convert human fibroblasts to self-renewal iDPCs. In conclusion, to our best knowledge, this is the first report of generation of safe DPCs and may suggest an alternative strategy for cell therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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PMID:Direct conversion of human fibroblasts into dopaminergic neural progenitor-like cells using TAT-mediated protein transduction of recombinant factors. 2576 75