Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.108 (TAT)
 2,389 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The extracorporealization of blood activates various elements of the fibrinolytic, coagulation, and complement systems. It is theorized that advancements in biocompatibility ameliorate many of the changes leading to improved patient management. The purpose of this study was to determine if heparin-coated circuit (HCC) utilization during cardiopulmonary bypass enhances patient outcomes in a cost-effective manner. A search of the English medical literature was completed to identify all clinical, prospective, randomized trials comparing HCC and non-HCC in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or valvular surgery. Twenty-six papers consisting of a sample size of 1515 patients were identified and included in the study parameters. The study distinguished between Duraflo II and Carmeda coating techniques and matched papers with different heparin loading doses, as well as use of a heparin-coated cardiotomy. Study parameters were matched for all papers and analyzed according to the availability of data. Statistically significant benefits of HCC were found in postoperative blood loss, time in the ICU, end bypass C3a, time to extubation, end bypass lactoferrin, and end platelet count, but not with respect to postoperative chest tube drainage, red blood cell transfusions, and end bypass TAT complex, D-dimers, and BTG. Data comparing the use of coated or uncoated cardiotomy utilization failed to demonstrate a benefit to heparin coating. Several immunological variables were ameliorated when Carmeda HCC was utilized, although data were insufficient to establish a cost-benefit analysis. In conclusion, heparin-coated circuitry provided statistically better results when compared to noncoated circuitry.
J Extra Corpor Technol 1999 Sep
PMID:Quantitative evaluation of heparin-coated versus non-heparin-coated bypass circuits during cardiopulmonary bypass. 1084 56

The nos (nitrous oxide reductase) operon of Paracoccus denitrificans contains a nosX gene homologous to those found in the nos operons of other denitrifiers. NosX is also homologous to NirX, which is so far unique to P. denitrificans. Single mutations of these genes did not result in any apparent phenotype, but a double nosX nirX mutant was unable to reduce nitrous oxide. Promoter-lacZ assays and immunoblotting against nitrous oxide reductase showed that the defect was not due to failure of expression of nosZ, the structural gene for nitrous oxide reductase. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that nitrous oxide reductase in cells of the double mutant lacked the Cu(A) center. A twin-arginine motif in both NosX and NirX suggests that the NosX proteins are exported to the periplasm via the TAT translocon.
J Bacteriol 2000 Sep
PMID:The NosX and NirX proteins of Paracoccus denitrificans are functional homologues: their role in maturation of nitrous oxide reductase. 1096 Jan 7

In this report, we describe the identification of a novel DRB4*01 allele, DRB4*01033, found in two Spanish Caucasian individuals. The new allele was detected during routine HLA typing by an unusual pattern of amplification obtained by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) that did not match with any of the previously described DRB4 alleles. In order to establish the polymorphism responsible for this pattern exons 2 and 3 of the DRB4 locus were amplified and directly sequenced. The new DRB4*01 allele is identical to DRB4*0103101 except for a single nucleotide substitution in codon 78 (TAC-->TAT). This nucleotide change does not cause an amino acid change as both triplets code for a tyrosine.
Tissue Antigens 2000 Sep
PMID:Identification of a new HLA-DRB4 allele (DRB4*01033) by PCR-SSP and direct sequencing. 1103 66

Synthetic colloids have been reported to cause haemorrhagic complications. The effects of perioperative volume replacement with 4% gelatin (n = 20), 6% low-molecular weight (LMW) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (Mw: 70,000 dalton; HES 70/0.5; n = 20) and 6% medium-molecular weight (MMW) HES (Mw: 200,000 dalton; HES 200/0.5; n = 20) on haemostasis were assessed in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Volume was administered to keep central venous pressure (CVP) between 10 and 14 mm Hg. Conventional global coagulation tests, molecular markers of coagulation, and platelet function (using a platelet function analyser (PFA-100) with ADP as inductor) were monitored prior to surgery (T0), at the end of surgery (T1), 4 h after the end of surgery (T2), and on the morning of the first postoperative day (T3). Significantly more gelatin (2900 (SD 320) ml) than HES 200 (2150 (312) ml) was given during the study period. Bleeding and the use of allogeneic blood-blood products were similar in all groups. Markers of thrombin generation (F1 + 2), of thrombin neutralization (TAT III complex), and of fibrin formation and its degradation (D-dimer) increased significantly during and after surgery without showing significant group differences. Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) also increased in all groups beyond the normal range, showing the significantly highest increase in the gelatin-treated group (VIII: from 173 (36) to 266 (33) U dl-1; vWF: from 164(33) to 238 (31) U dl-1). Platelet function remained within the normal range and without group differences throughout the study period. We can conclude that all three solutions can be used safely in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery with regard to the haemostatic process.
Br J Anaesth 2000 Sep
PMID:Influence of different colloids on molecular markers of haemostasis and platelet function in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. 2168 26

We report herein the identification of a new DRB1 allele using sequence-based typing (SBT). This novel allele, HLA-DRB1*11122, was found in an aboriginal individual (SWP71) from the Paiwan tribe in the southern part of Taiwan. This individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*24021/24021, HLA-B*4001/4002, HLA-DRB1*11122/15011, HLA-DRB3*0202, and HLA-DRB5*01011. This new allele differs from DRB1*1112 in the polymorphic exon 2 only at codon 34 (CAA-->CAG; both specify glutamine) and from DRB1*1110 in the exon 2 sequence only at codon 32 (CAT-->TAT; H32T). The most likely candidate allele which is found in the aboriginal populations of Taiwan and which may mutate into this new allele is DRB1*11011. DRB1*11122 allele differs from DRB1*11011 allele in the polymorphic exon 2 at both codon 34 (CAA-->CAG) and codon 37 (TAC-->TTC; T37F). This novel HLA-DRB1*11122 allele was also found in another aboriginal individual (SWP90) from the same Paiwan tribe. This SWP90 individual was typed by SBT method as having an HLA genotype of HLA-A*24021/24021, HLA-B*4002/5502, HLA-DRB1*11122/1201, and HLA-DRB3*01011/0202. However, the original DRB1*1201 sequence from HERLUFF was found to be erroneously reported and the corrected sequence from SWP90 is now presented herein.
Tissue Antigens 2001 Sep
PMID:New DR5 sequences: a novel DRB1*11122 allele identified in Paiwan tribe members of Taiwan and a corrected sequence for the DRB1*1201 allele. 1170 30

The transcription factor NF-kappaB is regulated by the IkappaB family of proteins. The nonphosphorylatable, nondegradable superrepressor IkappaBalpha (srIkappaBalpha) mutant is a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB activity when expressed in cells. We generated a form of srIkappaBalpha in which its N terminus is fused to the protein transduction domain of HIV TAT (TAT-srIkappaBalpha). Purified TAT-srIkappaBalpha protein rapidly and efficiently entered HeLa or Jurkat T cells. TAT-srIkappaBalpha, when exogenously added to HeLa cells, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner TNF-alpha- or IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB activation and binding of NF-kappaB to its consensus DNA sequence. TAT-srIkappaBalpha was coimmunoprecipitated with the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB, and this interaction was resistant to stimulation with IL-1beta. Therefore, TAT-srIkappaBalpha-mediated inhibition could result from its nonreversible binding and sequestration of endogenous NF-kappaB. In contrast, exogenously added TAT-srIkappaBalpha did not inhibit IL-1beta-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases or the phosphorylation and degradation of endogenous IkappaBalpha. These results identify a novel way for direct regulation of NF-kappaB activity in diverse cell types that may be useful for therapeutic purposes.
J Immunol 2002 Sep 01
PMID:Inhibition of NF-kappa B activity by a membrane-transducing mutant of I kappa B alpha. 1219 29

We transduced dominant negative (dn) HIV TAT-Ras protein into mature human eosinophils to determine the signaling pathways and mechanism involved in integrin-mediated adhesion caused by cytokine, chemokine, and chemoattractant stimulation. Transduction of TAT-dnRas into nondividing eosinophils inhibited endogenous Ras activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation caused by IL-5, eotaxin-1, and fMLP. IL-5, eotaxin-1, or fMLP caused 1) change of Mac-1 to its active conformation and 2) focal clustering of Mac-1 on the eosinophil surface. TAT-dnRas or PD98059, a pharmacological mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase inhibitor, blocked both focal surface clustering of Mac-1 and the change to active conformational structure of this integrin assessed by the mAb CBRM1/5, which binds the activation epitope. Eosinophil adhesion to the endothelial ligand ICAM-1 was correspondingly blocked by TAT-dnRas and PD98059. As a further control, we used PMA, which activates ERK phosphorylation by postmembrane receptor induction of protein kinase C, a mechanism which bypasses Ras. Neither TAT-dnRas nor PD98059 blocked eosinophil adhesion to ICAM-1, up-regulation of CBRM1/5, or focal surface clustering of Mac-1 caused by PMA. In contrast to beta(2)-integrin adhesion, neither TAT-dnRas nor PD98059 blocked the eosinophil adhesion to VCAM-1. Thus, a substantially different signaling mechanism was identified for beta(1)-integrin adhesion. We conclude that H-Ras-mediated activation of ERK is critical for beta(2)-integrin adhesion and that Ras-protein functions as the common regulator for cytokine-, chemokine-, and G-protein-coupled receptors in human eosinophils.
J Immunol 2002 Sep 01
PMID:Blockade of focal clustering and active conformation in beta 2-integrin-mediated adhesion of eosinophils to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 caused by transduction of HIV TAT-dominant negative Ras. 1219 40

Uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) is a base excision repair enzyme that specifically recognizes and removes uracil from double- or single-stranded DNA. The efficiency of the enzyme depends on the DNA sequence surrounding the uracil. Crystal structures of UDG in complex with DNA reveal that the DNA is severely bent and distorted in the region of the uracil. This suggests that the sequence-dependent efficiency of the enzyme may be related to the energetic cost of DNA distortion in the process of specific damage recognition. To test this hypothesis, molecular dynamics simulations were performed on two sequences representing extreme cases of UDG efficiency, AUA/TAT (high efficiency) and GUG/CAC (low efficiency). Analysis of the simulations shows that the effective bending force constants are lower for the AUA/TAT sequence, indicating that this sequence is more flexible than the GUG/CAC sequence. Fluorescence lifetimes of the adenine analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP), replacing adenine opposite the uracil, are shorter in the context of the AUA/TAT sequence, indicating more dynamic base-base interaction and greater local flexibility than in the GUG/CAC sequence. Furthermore, the K(M) of Escherichia coli UDG for the AUA/TAT sequence is 10-fold smaller than that for the GUG/CAC sequence, while the k(cat) is only 2-fold smaller. This indicates that differences in UDG efficiency largely arise from differences in binding and not catalysis. These results link directly flexibility near the damaged DNA site with the efficiency of DNA repair.
Biochemistry 2002 Sep 10
PMID:Role of DNA flexibility in sequence-dependent activity of uracil DNA glycosylase. 1220 69

We previously produced four monoclonal antibodies to testicular proteins of a teleost, the Nile tilapia. One of the monoclonal antibodies, TAT(Testicular Antigen of Tilapia)-10, recognizes a Mr=27,000 protein (27 kD protein), which is present in A and early B type spermatogonia, spermatids, and spermatozoa in testis. In order to clarify the function of this protein, molecular cloning was conducted. The cDNA for the 27 kD protein contains a complete open reading frame encoding 220 amino acid residues. The predicted amino acid sequence of the 27 kD protein was homologous to those of the ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolases (UCH) reported in mammals. The measurement of the ubiquitin-releasing activity of the recombinant 27 kD protein revealed that the protein is the active form of UCH. Northern blot analysis showed that the UCH mRNA was expressed in ovary and brain in addition to the testis. Immunohistochemical study showed that, in brain, UCH was localized especially on the olfactory organ including the olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium in olfactory rosetta, suggesting the involvement of the protein in chemoreceptive function. In the Tilapia ovary, UCH localized especially in pre-vitellogenic oocytes, suggesting that the enzyme activity could be important in oocyte growth. This is the first report for the cDNA cloning and cellular localization of UCH in fish. J. Exp. Zool. 293:368-383, 2002.
J Exp Zool 2002 Sep 01
PMID:Molecular cloning and immunohistochemical localization of ubiquitin C-Terminal hydrolase expressed in testis of a teleost, the Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. 1221 Jan 20

The five major reductive degradation products of TNT-4ADNT (4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene), 2ADNT (2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene), 2,4DANT (2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene), 2,6DANT (2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene), and TAT (2,4,6-triaminotoluene)-labeled with 15N in the amine positions, were reacted with the IHSS soil humic acid and analyzed by 15N NMR spectrometry. In the absence of catalysts, all five amines underwent nucleophilic addition reactions with quinone and other carbonyl groups in the soil humic acid to form both heterocyclic and nonheterocyclic condensation products. Imine formation via 1,2-addition of the amines to quinone groups in the soil humic acid was significant with the diamines and TAT but not the monoamines. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed an increase in the incorporation of all five amines into the humic acid. In the case of the diamines and TAT, HRP also shifted the binding away from heterocyclic condensation product toward imine formation. A comparison of quantitative liquid phase with solid-state CP/MAS 15N NMR indicated that the CP experiment underestimated imine and heterocyclic nitrogens in humic acid, even with contact times optimal for observation of these nitrogens. Covalent binding of the mono- and diamines to 4-methylcatechol, the HRP catalyzed condensation of 4ADNT and 2,4DANT to coniferyl alcohol, and the binding of 2,4DANT to lignocellulose with and without birnessite were also examined.
Environ Sci Technol 2002 Sep 01
PMID:15N NMR investigation of the covalent binding of reduced TNT amines to soil humic acid, model compounds, and lignocellulose. 1232 52


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