Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.108 (TAT)
 2,389 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two immunologically infertile couples (male partners had proven autosperm antibodies-positive mixed antiglobulin reaction test [MAR] and direct immunobead test [d-IBT]) were treated with washed spermatozoa used either in the gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT) or artificial insemination (AIH) procedures. Sixteen of the 22 couples (72.2%) fell pregnant with an ongoing pregnancy rate of 54.5% (12/22). The pregnant and non-pregnant groups were compared with regards to the sperm antibodies detected on the spermatozoa (MAR, d-IBT and sperm cervical mucus contact [SCMC] test) and in the serum and seminal plasma of the male partners (tray agglutination test [TAT], indirect immunobead test [i-IBT], and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]). The semen parameters, motility, forward progression, count/ml and normal morphological forms were also compared. Statistical analysis showed no difference between the two groups (pregnant and non-pregnant) with regards to the antibody tests performed on semen, serum and seminal plasma. No difference was also seen between the semen parameters of the two groups. The washing of spermatozoa for the GIFT or AIH procedures may therefore be a successful method of treatment for immunologically infertile couples. The results also indicate no difference in the fertility prognosis for the two groups since antibody levels and semen quality were not different between the pregnant and nonpregnant group.
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PMID:Autosperm antibodies in treated, pregnant and non-pregnant immunologically infertile patients. 262 69

125 male subjects belonging to infertile couples with negative or doubtful PCT underwent the following tests: IgG MAR Test, seminal TAT, indirect IgG-IgA-IgM-IBT in the seminal plasma, serum TAT, serum SIT, serum IgG-IgA-IgM-IBT. There was no significant difference in the incidence of autoimmunized patients and those resulting from classical testing methods (IgG MAR Test, seminal and serum TAT, serum SIT) (16%), and the results of the indirect IBT in the seminal plasma and in the serum (16.8%). The IBT showed an increase which was not, however, statistically significant in subjects with concomitant local and general autoimmunization, compared to the classical methods, (13.6% in the subjects examined versus 10.4%). There was a statistical significant difference between the results of the indirect IgA-IBT in the seminal plasma and those of the IgG MAR Test, (19 versus 12 positive patients, chi2 = 6.05, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, in 88.2% of the cases with concomitant positivity, the indirect IgA-IBT in the seminal plasma showed higher values than the indirect IgG-IBT in the seminal plasma. There was no significant difference between the results of the classical methods and the serum IBT, whereas both in the semen and in the serum the beads adhered mainly to the tail plus the tail up considering only the nemaspermic portion with the highest relative rate of adhered beads.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Indirect immuno-bead test in the seminal plasma and in the serum for the diagnosis of antisperm autoimmunization in male infertile patients. 343 11

A comparative study between MAR test and IBT in 142 seminal samples is presented by the authors and their concordance with TAT and SIT is also evaluated. In particular the interest of IBT for the evaluation of involved immunoglobulinic classes is stressed.
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PMID:Approach to immunological male infertility: a comparison between MAR test and direct immunobead test. 363 May 69

There are several antigens of the human sperm cell that can stimulate production of autoantibodies in certain individuals. This occurs in a number of spontaneous cases and leads to a condition of immunological infertility. It also occurs in a majority of men who have had a vasectomy. There are currently many new developments for the detection of the antibody, the study of its significance, and in the treatment of this autoimmune disease. As for the diagnostic testing of the serum, there are the classical methods of agglutination, namely, GAT, TSAT, TAT, and CTAT, and of immobilization. There are also the newer methods of the passive hemagglutination assay, the radio-label-antiglobulin test, the ELISA, the hemadsorption procedure, and the ATP-luminescence cytotoxicity method, plus indirect MAR (mixed antiglobulin reaction) and IBT (immunobead test) procedures. For testing of the genital secretions, sperm cells can be evaluated directly by the MAR and IBT methods, and cervical mucus, after being dissolved, can be tested by the MIS (microscale method) or an indirect IBT procedure. Interpretations of the significance of sperm antibody have been passed on epidemiologic values and also on direct fertilization-inhibition studies. Treatment of the antibody problem has been based on several approaches, but the most promising approach has been the use of intermittent high-dose steroid medication. A number of studies have shown good results by this procedure of immunosuppression.
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PMID:Sperm antigens and autoantibodies: effects on fertility. 371 76

Immunological infertility is thought to be caused by the binding of antibodies to 'fertility-related' antigen(s) on the sperm membrane. We compared antibody profiles in sera from 20 ASA(+) and ASA(-) men, using a sperm membrane extract as an antigen. Antigens were separated by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The patients were classed as ASA(+) by the MAR (> 50%), d-IBT (> 20%) and TAT (> 1:64). The results showed that immunoreactive bands in both the ASA(+) and ASA(-) groups were heterogeneous and included bands covering the whole molecular weight range. Statistical analysis showed significantly more patients in the ASA(+) group having immunoreactive bands at molecular weights of 32 Kd (P = 0.006) and 79 Kd (P = 0.02) when compared to the ASA(-) group. In the ASA(-) group significantly more patients had reactive bands at 81 Kd (P = 0.01) when compared to the ASA(+) group. The 32 Kd antigen reacted only with sera from ASA(+) patients. We conclude that differences exist between the ASA(+) and ASA(-) groups when this extraction method is used and that the isolation and purification of the 32 Kd protein may justify further investigation.
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PMID:Analysis of human sperm membrane antigens reacting with sera from antisperm antibody positive and negative patients by western blotting. 851 54

The present study was designed (1) to determine levels of antioxidant micronutrients in human seminal plasma, and (2) to evaluate the association between the concentrations of these antioxidants and the antisperm antibody titers in immunoinfertile men. To investigate this, the seminal plasma concentrations of antioxidant beta-carotene, lycopene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography in 37 men (22 fertile and 15 immunoinfertile), aged 27 to 35 years. The SIT (sperm-immobilization technique), TAT (tray-agglutination technique), and IBT (indirect immunobead test) were used to evaluate the antisperm antibody titers. The levels of three antioxidants, namely, beta-carotene, lycopene, and retinol, were significantly (p = .01) decreased and the concentration of alpha-tocopherol was significantly (p = .002) increased in seminal plasma of immunoinfertile men as compared to the levels in fertile men. There was a significant linear correlation between the antisperm antibody titer and beta-carotene level measured by IBT (r = .561, p = .002), whereas no significant correlation was found with the other three seminal plasma antioxidants, namely, lycopene, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol levels. These results indicate, for perhaps the first time, the presence of antioxidants in local genital tract secretions of men. Modulation of their concentrations in immunoinfertile men and their correlation with the antisperm antibody titers strongly suggest the involvement of dietary antioxidants in male infertility, especially mediated through immunologic factors.
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PMID:Changes in various antioxidant levels in human seminal plasma related to immunoinfertility. 890 75