Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.3.1.108 (TAT)
 2,389 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) seems to be related to a hypercoagulation and definite hemorheological alterations, but the importance of these alterations in the development of thrombotic events in the deep vein system has not been established. The present study examines both aspects in a group of 55 patients with DVT; the presence of a hypercoagulable state was assessed by quantifying the prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and the thrombin-antithrombin III complex (T-AT), and the main hemorheological parameters were evaluated in the acute state and 6 and 12 months later. The results show marked hemorheological, F1+2, and TAT alterations in the acute phase. After 12 months the pattern shows a modest improvement, but erythrocyte aggregation, fibrinogen, F1+2 and T-AT remain increased with respect to the control group (8.51 +/- 1.43; 331 +/- 81 mg/dl; 1.33 +/- 0.60 nmol/l; 3.54 +/- 1.71 ng/ml vs. 8.10 +/- 1.40; 230 +/- 38; 0.94 +/- 0.40; 1.56 +/- 0.59, respectively). These data suggest that the thrombotic event could be influenced by the previous rheological situation and hypercoagulable state.
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PMID:Hemorheological alterations and hypercoagulable state in deep vein thrombosis. 997 63

Many studies have demonstrated increased coagulation activation in cancer patients and have shown evidence of chronic, low-grade disseminated intravascular coagulation, although most patients remained asymptomatic. In general, patients have not been screened for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We screened 98 patients with advanced malignancy for DVT using light reflection rheography. Coagulation profiles of DVT and non-DVT groups were studied. We found a high prevalence of DVT (50%) on screening. Overall, the patients had raised levels of fibrinogen (66% patients), factor VIII:C (43%), fragment 1 + 2 (71%) and TAT levels (89%). Patients with DVT had a significantly lower level of fibrinogen than those without (4.0 g/dl, SD 1.4, compared with 4.7 g/dl SD 1.6, P = 0.04). There was no significant difference in other coagulation or liver function tests between the DVT and non-DVT groups. The wide variation of results makes their interpretation difficult and unlikely to be of predictive value in estimating individual thrombotic risk.
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PMID:Abnormal coagulation and deep venous thrombosis in patients with advanced cancer. 1019 64

Possible correlation of the effects of pharmacotherapy on the inhibition of the in-vivo generation of thrombin and on the prevention of thrombus extension in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) could help to define patients at higher risk. Patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis confirmed by phlebography were randomised to intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH), or a subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (reviparin) twice daily for one week, or a subcutaneous reviparin once daily for four weeks. The patients were treated with oral anticoagulants for at least 3 months. Main endpoints were regression of thrombus on phlebography on Day 21 and recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism up to 3 months. Coagulation parameters, markers of in-vivo thrombin generation, and TFPI-release were determined at randomisation, weeks 1 and 3. Four hundred sixty six responders (reduction of at least 30 per cent in Marder score) and 419 non-responders (Marder score unchanged or changed less than +/-30%) showed no significantly different baseline characteristics. The non-responder group had a higher median Marder score at baseline and after one and three weeks of treatment, and had significantly higher fibrinogen levels, TAT complexes and F1+2 values than responders. There were no significant differences in coagulation parameters between non-responders and patients with asymptomatic + symptomatic VTE with the exception of higher TAT complexes at baseline. Significant differences in Marder score and coagulation parameters at baseline were found between responders and nonresponders. Non-responders have a higher risk tosuffer recurrent VTE and may need intensified treatment.
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PMID:Risk factors and coagulation parameters in relationship to phlebographic response and clinical outcome in the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis. 1257 6

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is reported in up to 40% of trauma patients. The individual risk is nearly unpredictable. A daily single dose of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administered as prophylaxis to 518 trauma patients who were examined preoperatively and up to 10 days postoperatively in a prospective study. They were divided into two groups: group I comprised surgery of the hip and femur as well as total knee replacement and group II knee and lower leg surgery. Thrombin-antithrombin complex and D-dimer were analyzed. A second daily dose of LMWH was added if D-dimer exceeded the cutoff. If ultrasound was suspicious for DVT venography was added. Deep vein thrombosis was seen in five cases (group I=4, group II=1), without pulmonary embolism. TAT and D-dimer were significantly higher in group I than in group II ( p<0.005). One hundred patients, 79 of them belonging to group I, were treated with a second dose of LMWH. The daily cutoff had the highest sensitivity and specificity for day 4. Due to individual monitoring of coagulation markers, the risk for thromboembolism compared to actual data in the literature seems to be reduced.
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PMID:[Prevention of thromboembolism in trauma surgery by dose adjustment of low molecular weight heparin depending on levels of TAT and D-dimer]. 1472 38

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens is a devastating complication of massive deep venous thrombosis, which is clinically characterized by massive lower extremity tissue edema and subsequent arterial insufficiency. These experiments evaluated the local tissue effects of acute global venous obstruction combined with partial arterial ischemia. Experiments were performed to assess the effects of heparin on the cytokine response to simultaneous venous and partial arterial obstruction. Murine hind limbs were subjected to conditions of unilateral venous occlusion and partial tourniquet limb ischemia, which was confirmed by laser Doppler imaging (LDI). Mice underwent either hind limb venous obstruction with intravenous unfractionated heparin (200IU/kg) or intravenous saline 5min before venous occlusion. Sham-treated mice were subjected to anesthesia alone without venous occlusion. After 3hr, the mice were killed and tissue was harvested for measurement of edema (wet to dry weight ratio, W/D), muscle viability, indices of local thrombosis (thrombin-antithrombin complex [TAT]), and cytokine analysis for growth-related oncogene-1 (GRO-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6, protein via enzyme-linked immunoassay and mRNA via reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). Bleeding time and volume were documented in saline- and heparin-treated mice to confirm systemic anticoagulation. Administration of intravenous heparin resulted in a marked increase in bleeding time and volume. LDI confirmed venous obstruction and ongoing arterial inflow. Venous obstruction resulted in severe visible edema that correlated with a significantly higher W/D ratio but was not associated with a significant decrease in muscle viability. GRO-1 and IL-6 protein and mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the venous occlusion group compared to sham. Heparin therapy significantly decreased TAT3 levels but did not alter the profile of GRO-1 or IL-6 protein levels seen with venous occlusion. Venous occlusion with partial ischemia induces a unique and potent local cytokine expression. Heparin therapy did not ameliorate the cytokine response. These data indicate that heparin therapy does not modulate the cytokine response to venous obstruction.
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PMID:Effects of acute global venous obstruction and unfractionated heparin on muscle cytokine synthesis. 1864 Aug 15


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