Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.107 (DAT)
 1,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety-six patients with de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were randomized to receive either daunorubicin (50 mg/m2, IV) on days 1-3; cytarabine (Ara-C) (25 mg/m2, IV) bolus, followed by 160 mg/m2 as a continuous IV infusion daily for 5 days and 6-thioguanine (6-TG) (100 mg/m2 po) every 12 hr daily for 5 days (DAT); or amsacrine (190 mg/m2, IV) on days 1-3 with Ara-C and 6-TG at the above doses (AAT). Patients achieving complete remission (CR) then received two courses of consolidation therapy with the same combination that had induced remission but at slightly reduced total doses. Patients less than or equal to age 40 with an HLA-identical sibling donor underwent allogeneic transplantation, usually after consolidation therapy. The remaining patients were then randomized to receive either maintenance therapy (alternating cycles of vincristine/methotrexate, cyclophosphamide/6-TG, daunorubicin/hydroxyurea and Ara-C/6-TG) or no further treatment. Ninety-two patients were evaluable for response. Twenty-five of the 46 patients (54%) who received DAT and 32 of the 46 patients (70%) who received AAT achieved CR (p = 0.13). When patients were stratified by age, however, remission induction advantage with AAT became statistically significant (p = 0.03). Additionally, more patients achieved CR following one course of AAT than following one course of DAT (48% vs 28%, p = 0.03). Overall survival in the AAT group was improved as well (p = 0.01). Too few patients were randomized on the maintenance arm of the protocol to make interpretation meaningful. Non-hematologic toxicity was generally comparable in both arms. In conclusion, patients with de novo ANLL who received AAT had a higher remission incidence and slightly longer survival compared to patients who received DAT. Further investigation of this drug combination in untreated patients with ANLL is warranted.
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PMID:Comparative trial of cytarabine and thioguanine in combination with amsacrine or daunorubicin in patients with untreated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: results of the L-16M protocol. 291 Dec 5

To investigate an increased frequency of positive direct (DAT) and indirect (IAT) antiglobulin tests in bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), serologic testing was performed weekly on blood samples from 94 consecutive BMT patients. Group 1 (47 patients) did not receive IVIG. Group II (47 patients) received high-dose IVIG as prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus infections. Before transplantation no alloantibodies were found in the serums of 92 patients and anti-E was found in the serums of two patients. DATs were negative in all patients before BMT. Four percent of Group I had a positive IAT and 13 percent had a positive DAT. In contrast, 25.5 percent of Group II patients had a positive IAT and 49 percent had a positive DAT, usually within 1 week after initiation of IVIG therapy (p less than 0.001). Antibodies identified in serums and eluates of patients in Group I were anti-A and anti-B. Antibodies identified in serums and eluates of patients in Group II were anti-A, -B, -D, and -K. Twenty-one lots of IVIG were tested and antibodies identified were anti-A, -B, -D, and -K. The data suggest that the higher frequency of positive serologic tests in Group II was due to passively acquired antibodies from high-dose IVIG.
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PMID:Positive antiglobulin tests due to intravenous immunoglobulin in patients who received bone marrow transplant. 310 Dec 47

Fetal sheep (n = 13) were chronically instrumented to measure temperatures in the maternal femoral artery (MAT), the amniotic fluid (AFT), the fetal brown adipose tissue (BFT) and the fetal arterial blood (DAT). Cooling loops were inserted into the amniotic cavity. In 4 fetuses osmotic minipumps delivering triiodothyronine (T3) were implanted subcutaneously. One to seven days after surgery the following results were obtained: 1) During control DAT was 0.59 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SD), BFT 0.60 +/- 0.24 degrees C and AFT 0.38 +/- 0.31 degrees C higher than MAT. T3 levels in treated fetuses were 3.4 +/- 1.5 micrograms/l. 2) Infusion of norepinephrine (NE) (5.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/min per kg fetal body weight) with phentolamine (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) into a fetal vein did not change temperatures. 3) During cooling (-53 +/- 15 W) MAT decreased 0.45 +/- 0.3 degrees C, DAT 1.9 +/- 0.39 degrees C, BFT 1.61 +/- 0.52 degrees C and AFT 4.2 +/- 1.8 degrees C. 4) The amniotic fluid was cooled until steady state temperatures were achieved. Then propranolol (26.1 +/- 4.3 micrograms/min per kg) or suxamethonium (3 +/- 1 mg/kg) were introduced into the fetal vein. No consistent and significant changes of temperatures could be detected. It is concluded that 1) lowering the fetal core temperature by 1.6 - 1.9 degrees C and its ambient temperature (AFT) by 4.2 degrees C does not induce shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis suppressible by pharmacologic agents, 2) thermogenesis in fetal brown adipose tissue cannot be induced by NE (with or without supplemention of T3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Fetal sheep temperatures in utero during cooling and application of triiodothyronine, norepinephrine, propranolol and suxamethonium. 312 78

Thirty-five patients with acute myelogenous leukemia were treated with aclacinomycin A (60 mg/m2/day for 5 days) and VP-16-213 (100 mg/m2/day for 5 days). All were previously treated and had relapsed or were refractory to primary treatment. Most patients (28) had received prior DAT (daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside, and 6-thioguanine) induction therapy followed by one or more courses of high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C) as consolidation therapy or as treatment for relapse. One patient was in her fourth relapse, one had relapsed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (following remission with DAT and HD-Ara-C), one had a treatment-induced leukemia, and four patients were treated for primary treatment failures following two induction courses with DAT or a similar regimen. Fourteen patients had infections at start of therapy. Ten patients died within 14 days of treatment, all from sepsis or bleeding, before their marrow could be evaluated for leukemic response. Fourteen patients (40%) responded; 12 (34%) entered complete remission and two (6%) a partial remission (PR). Two of the four patients who were treated for primary treatment failures went into CR. The median CR duration was 99 days (range 30 to 455 days). Side effects from this treatment were similar to the conventional DAT regimen, although the gastrointestinal toxicity and mucositis appeared to be more severe. In addition, two of the patients had severe but reversible ventricular arrhythmias. The overall response (40%) and CR rate (34%) in this group of previously treated AML patients is encouraging, and further studies are needed to evaluate these preliminary findings.
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PMID:Aclacinomycin A and etoposide (VP-16-213): an effective regimen in previously treated patients with refractory acute myelogenous leukemia. 316 95

In October 1988 the Dental Admission Testing Program will begin reporting DAT scores on a new standard score scale. This scale will be based on the underlying ability metric rather than on the normal distribution that is the basis of the current-1 to 9 scale. A comparison of the two standard score scales is included, as well as a discussion of the advantages offered by the ability based metric.
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PMID:Revision of Dental Admission Test standard score scale. 317 Sep 14

Gottschaldt's Hidden Figure Test (GHFT) calls for figure-ground discrimination abilities. The aim of this study was to provide a perceptual attention test for the cognitive assessment of demented patients. In Experiment 1, GHFT normal baselines on 190 healthy controls are achieved, and age-education score correction as well as transformation of the original scores into "Equivalent Scores" is established. On the inferential percentile allocation of 45 mildly-moderately deteriorated DAT patients, 65% of them performed in the critically low range of the score distribution. In Experiment 2, the discriminant power of GHFT between DAT patients and healthy controls matched by age and Experiment 2, the discriminant power of GHFT between DAT patients and healthy controls matched by age and education is assessed. Overall correct classification reached 90%. This experiment shows that GHFT in demented patients works chiefly as an attentional task. The discussion is based largely on methodological and statistical issues.
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PMID:Perceptual attention in aging and dementia measured by Gottschaldt's Hidden Figure Test. 318 12

The visuo-spatial memories of groups of dements suffering from Alzheimer's disease (DAT) and multi-infarct dementia (MID) were compared with those of low-IQ but non-dementing elderly volunteers. In contrast to the other two groups, the DAT subjects were hindered when extra visual information was available as a memory aid. Similarly, DAT subjects' performance on a visual search task was worsened when the displays were made more varied. The concept that DAT patients' visuo-spatial memory problems may be due to a failure of selective attention is discussed.
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PMID:The role of selective attention in the visuo-spatial memory of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer type. 322 7

Previous studies suggest that race is a risk factor in ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO-HDN). In order to compare the prevalence of ABO-HDN in Asian, Black, Hispanic and Caucasian infants, we studied 10,611 consecutive births at one hospital over a 6-year period. Among group A infants born to group O mothers, the prevalence of positive DAT differed among the four groups (p = 0.007), and was highest in Asians (50%) and lowest in Caucasians (31%). However, the proportions of infants who required exchange transfusion were not different (p = 0.351). Among group B infants born to group O mothers, the prevalence of positive DAT was not different among the four groups (p = 0.26) and none of these 166 group B infants with a positive DAT result required exchange transfusion. Our findings suggest that there are small ethnic differences in the prevalence of positive DAT results in group A infants born to group O mothers, but the prevalence of clinical disease which requires exchange transfusion does not differ significantly among Asian, Black, Hispanic and Caucasian infants.
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PMID:Prevalence of ABO maternal-infant incompatibility in Asians, Blacks, Hispanics and Caucasians. 336 41

The synthetic conjugate of the genotoxic compound 2,4 diaminotoluene (2,4 DAT) with gelatin (2,4 DAT-GEL) was employed to elicit specific antibodies directed against a restricted class of aromatic diamines. Using this immunogen, mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been produced. These MAbs have been characterized and used in ELISA to detect 2,4 DAT covalently linked to biopolymers. The MAbs could bind to different synthetic 2,4 DAT-biopolymer adducts as well as to DNA from rats treated in vivo with the aromatic diamine, but they did not react with gelatin or biopolymers alone. The use of these MAbs has been investigated in order to develop a highly sensitive test to detect adducts of this genotoxic compound with nuclear DNA.
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PMID:Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against DNA single ring diamines adducts. 337 2

The relative fluency with which 15 patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (DAT) retrieved words with specified first letters and belonging to semantically defined categories was assessed. Patients with DAT were always less fluent than controls but, like the 12 normal elderly subjects, they were more efficient in accessing words belonging to semantic categories. Their deficit in retrieving words with specified first letters was greater than that predicted on the basis of verbal intellectual ability. No differences in word fluency were detected in presenile and senile patients. These data support the conclusion that word fluency may prove useful in the detection of early dementia.
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PMID:Word fluency in patients with early dementia of Alzheimer type. 339 34


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