Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:2.3.1.107 (DAT)
 1,471 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alzheimer's disease or dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD/DAT) is one of the most common dementia conditions and it amounts to over 40-90% of dementia cases among elderly and old patients. Epidemiological studies in this area make a great contribution to the study of the etiology and risk factors of AD/DAT). The collaborative reanalysis of AD/DAT prevalence and incidence in EEC countries ("EURODERM" programme) shows that the overall European age-specific prevalence of AD does not differ greatly. There was an exponential increase in age-specific AD/DAT prevalence was found with age, as evidenced by the studies made in Russia. Sex-specific prevalence and incidence of AD/DAT are unclear since the fact that the condition more often occurs in elderly women than in men of the same age has not been confirmed. The data on risk factors obtained in cohort and case-control studies of AD/DAT have been analyzed. Progress in molecular genetics has identified 3 genes that are responsible for the occurrence of familial forms of the disease. The gene of apolipoprotein E on chromosome 19 is recognized to be the major genetic risk factor of late AD/DAT. The role of gene mutations in the trigger mechanisms of sporadic BA/DAT is also discussed. The environmental risk factors of AD/DAT include brain injury, viral infections, neutroxic chemicals, various immunological and hormonal disorders. The protective role of such factors as long-term use of nonsteroid antiinflammatory agents and estrogens is discussed. The involvement of nicotine dependence in the pathogenesis and the role of smoking as a possible protective factor are the subject of discussion. Such factors as education levels, occupation, stresses are widely discussed, although their role is considered to be controversial. The Russian study revealed the influence of chronic stress on AD development. The authors consider that chronic stress may play an important role in AD/DAT progression.
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PMID:[Epidemiology and risk factors of Alzheimer's disease]. 1007 62

A two-dimensional shallow layer model has been developed to predict dense gas dispersion, under realistic conditions, including complex features such as two-phase releases, obstacles and inclined ground. The model attempts to predict the time and space evolution of the cloud formed after a release of a two-phase pollutant into the atmosphere. The air-pollutant mixture is assumed ideal. The cloud evolution is described mathematically through the Cartesian, two-dimensional, shallow layer conservation equations for mixture mass, mixture momentum in two horizontal directions, total pollutant mass fraction (vapor and liquid) and mixture internal energy. Liquid mass fraction is obtained assuming phase equilibrium. Account is taken in the conservation equations for liquid slip and eventual liquid rainout through the ground. Entrainment of ambient air is modeled via an entrainment velocity model, which takes into account the effects of ground friction, ground heat transfer and relative motion between cloud and surrounding atmosphere. The model additionally accounts for thin obstacles effects in three ways. First a stepwise description of the obstacle is generated, following the grid cell faces, taking into account the corresponding area blockage. Then obstacle drag on the passing cloud is modeled by adding flow resistance terms in the momentum equations. Finally the effect of extra vorticity generation and entrainment enhancement behind obstacles is modeled by adding locally into the entrainment formula without obstacles, a characteristic velocity scale defined from the obstacle pressure drop and the local cloud height.The present model predictions have been compared against theoretical results for constant volume and constant flux gravity currents. It was found that deviations of the predicted cloud footprint area change with time from the theoretical were acceptably small, if one models the frictional forces between cloud and ambient air, neglecting the Richardson dependence.The present model has also been validated in widely different experimental conditions such as the Thorney Island instantaneous isothermal releases 8 (unobstructed) and 21 (with semicircular fence), the EEC-55 two-phase propane experiment (with and without linear fence), the Desert Tortoise 4 two-phase ammonia experiment and the Hamburg DAT-638 instantaneous inclined plate experiment and the model predictions were found in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
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PMID:DISPLAY-2: a two-dimensional shallow layer model for dense gas dispersion including complex features. 1271 47