Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:2.1.1.69 (BMT)
2,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six patients with haematological malignancy received cryopreserved but otherwise unmanipulated blood cell transplants (BCT) from five- or six-antigen matched siblings in whom progenitor cells had been mobilized by G-CSF. Outcomes were compared with a historical control group of 26 BMT patients matched for age and disease status. Granulocyte counts recovered to 0.5 x 10(9)/l in a median of 16 days after BCT compared with 21.5 days after BMT (P = 0.0002). Platelet counts, unsupported for 3 days, reached 20 x 10(9)/l in a median of 14 days vs 20.5 days (P = 0.0003) after BCT compared with BMT in those patients who engrafted. In the BCT and BMT groups, respectively, the risk of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 37 vs 21% (P = 0.16) and of chronic GVHD at 1 year 53 vs 48% (P = 0.9). There was no significant difference in red cell transfusions but BCT patients required fewer platelet transfusions (median 3 vs 5, P = 0.015) and fewer days in hospital (20.5 vs 25, P = 0.02). These results indicate that allogeneic BCT from matched and partially mismatched family donors result in faster engraftment than BMT without a significant increase in GVHD. Allogeneic BCT may prove to be a more tolerable procedure than BMT for both donor and recipient and there are indications of improved cost-effectiveness.
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PMID:Allogeneic blood cell transplants for haematological malignancy: preliminary comparison of outcomes with bone marrow transplantation. 873 85

We retrospectively reviewed all positive Pneumocystis carinii findings among adult patients who had received an allogeneic BM transplant at the Helsinki University Central Hospital between July 1990 and December 1993. The aim was to define the incidence of late onset Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in BMT patients who had routinely received PCP prophylaxis for 6 months post-BMT. In 110 BMT patients, 16 episodes of PCP were documented. Only one patient had been receiving PCP prophylaxis at the onset of PCP. Fourteen of the episodes occurred more than 6 months post-BMT. (median 10.5, range 4-42 months); three of them beyond 1 year. All three had extensive chronic GVHD. Of the 11 patients with an onset between 7-12 months post-BMT, all but one were on methylpredisolone because of chronic GVHD (n = 7) or cytopenia (n = 2) and five of them were in relapse of their hematological malignancy. No mortality from PCP was detected. The risk of developing PCP between 7-12 months post-BMT among patients at risk was 13.4%. We conclude that PCP prophylaxis should be continued until 1 year post-BMT in patients receiving corticosteroid treatment as well as in those with a hematological relapse. Long-term prophylaxis beyond 1 year should be considered in cases with extensive chronic GVHD.
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PMID:Late onset Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 880 14

Transfusion requirements of 477 patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT from HLA-identical siblings were studied. The median (range) number of red cells transfused in the first, second and third months were 4 (0-32), 1 (0-39), and 0 (0-22) respectively, and the number of random donor platelet concentrates 32.5 (0-196), 0 (0-220) and 0 (0-135). On multivariate analysis, diagnosis other than acute leukemia, conditioning regimen other than cyclophosphamide-TBI, cyclosporine-methotrexate GVHD prophylaxis, and occurrence of acute GVHD increased platelet requirements significantly in the first month. Diagnosis other than acute leukemia, donor-recipient ABO incompatibility, conditioning regimen other than cyclophosphamide-TBI, and age over 18 years increased red cell requirements significantly in the first month. Platelet requirements in the second month and red cell requirements in the second and third months were increased significantly by the occurrence of acute GVHD, a diagnosis other than acute leukemia, and a conditioning regimen other than cyclophosphamide-TBI. Platelet requirements in the third month were influenced only by acute GVHD. We conclude that ABO incompatibility does not influence platelet requirements after allogeneic BMT. It affects red cell requirements in the first month along with the diagnosis, conditioning regimen, and age. However, other factors outweigh the influence of ABO-incompatibility on red cell requirements beyond the first month.
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PMID:Transfusion requirements after bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings: effects of donor-recipient ABO incompatibility. 883 8

Melphalan has rarely been used as a single agent for conditioning prior to allogeneic marrow transplantation. Twenty-eight patients (median age 19.5 years) undergoing allogeneic BMT for acute leukemia (n = 26) or lymphoblastic lymphoma (n = 2) in first remission (n = 10) or beyond (n = 18) from HLA-identical siblings received 240 mg/m2 melphalan. Death due to primary graft failure was seen in two patients. Sustained hematopoietic recovery was seen in all the others (n = 22) not dying early due to toxicity (n = 2) or persistent active disease (n = 2). The 3-year probabilities of transplant-related mortality and relapse were 35% and 62%, respectively. Seven patients are alive and well at 103-163 months (median 136) with Karnofsky scores of 100% (10-year disease-free survival, 25%). Of the 16 patients with donors of the opposite sex, seven underwent cytogenetic studies after BMT and showed complete chimerism with donor cells. Amongst the four women who were 15-30 years at the time of the transplant, there were seven pregnancies over 297 months of follow-up beyond 2 years from transplant. In contrast, no pregnancies were seen in 53 women with hematologic malignancies who were conditioned with other regimens over 3524 months of follow-up beyond 2 years from transplant. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher (P < 0.001) for women conditioned with melphalan alone (three of four) than for those conditioned with other regimens (0 of 53). We conclude that pre-transplant conditioning with melphalan alone permits alloengraftment of marrow from HLA-identical siblings, and may preserve fertility better than other regimens in some women.
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PMID:Melphalan alone prior to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sibling donors for hematologic malignancies: alloengraftment with potential preservation of fertility in women. 897 72

We have explored the efficacy and toxicity of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors for hematologic malignancies and other disorders. While most marrow donors have been identified through the National Marrow Donor Program in cooperation with many international registries, the recent development of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood (UCB) banks has allowed us to also evaluate this stem cell source. Analysis of the first 211 URD BMT performed at the University of Minnesota shows an overall survival of 33%, with older recipient age and transplant from a donor with a major HLA-A or B mismatch independently associated with poorer survival. Analysis of engraftment of URD marrow shows increasing risk of delayed or incomplete engraftment with increasing HLA disparity between URD and recipient. GVHD is increased in recipients of URD marrow compared with recipients of related donor marrow. Malignant relapse, however, is less frequent in URD marrow recipients, perhaps due to an increased graft-versus-leukemia effect. Formal assessment shows quality of life in long term URD BMT survivors (beyond 2 years) is excellent, and not different from that seen in sibling marrow recipients. Data from patients receiving unrelated donor UCB transplantation at the University of Minnesota indicate that UCB is an acceptable alternate source of stem cells, at least for young recipients, and may be associated with a reduced incidence of GVHD. Ongoing studies at the University of Minnesota include examination of the applicability of unrelated UCB transplantation to adult recipients, and of the degree of HLA-incompatibility which can be tolerated in UCB transplantation. Studies to identify the optimal GVHD prophylaxis for URD BMT, and to examine the role of class II matching in transplant outcome are in progress.
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PMID:Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancies-current status. 903 Nov 2

Allogeneic BMT is the treatment of choice for various hematologic malignancies. Despite careful patient scrutiny, a large number of patients experience significant morbidity and mortality due to procedure-related toxicity. Hepatobiliary toxicity presenting as biliary cholestasis, due to the preparative regimen (ie venoocclusive disease), supportive pharmaceuticals, and/or GVHD have been implicated. We report a unique cause of cholestasis in a patient undergoing BMT for CML. The cholestasis was found to be secondary to relapsed leukemia, which resulted in a granulocytic sarcoma obstructing the biliary ductal system.
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PMID:CML blast crisis resulting in biliary obstruction following BMT. 913 82

In a double-blind, randomized study performed between 1988 and 1990, 40 patients undergoing allogeneic BMT from HLA-identical siblings for hematologic malignancies received 8 mg/kg/d rHuGM-CSF (molgramostim, n = 20) for 14 days. The median neutrophil count on day 14 was significantly higher in the GM-CSF group (1.90 vs 0.46 yen 10(9)/L, P < .0001). The incidence of acute GVHD and transplant-related mortality were comparable. Only two deaths occurred after 6 months; one due to pulmonary fibrosis in the GM-CSF group on day 1591, and one due to relapse on day 1590 in the placebo group. The Karnofsky score of the 10 survivors, 3 in the placebo group and 7 in the GM-CSF group, is 90-100% (median 100%), and none has chronic GVHD requiring therapy. There was no evidence of increased relapse in the GM-CSF group with only two relapses occurring; both in the placebo group. With a follow-up of 4.5-6.8 years (median 5.5 years), these patients are amongst the longest surviving patients to have received a recombinant growth factor post-allograft. We conclude that the administration of GM-CSF after allogeneic BMT does not appear to be associated with an increased incidence of chronic GVHD or relapse, or of other adverse effects such as the development of myelodysplasia.
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PMID:Long-term safety of GM-CSF (molgramostim) administration after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies: five-year follow-up of a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. 915 59

Graft-versus-tumour reactions as a form of adoptive immunotherapy may help prevent the recurrence of haematological malignancy following allogeneic BMT. We hypothesised that such reactions may be maximised by shortening the duration of post-transplant immunosuppression by a rapid taper of cyclosporine (CYA). CYA dose was tapered between days 30 and 60 in patients at high risk of relapse, provided there was no evidence of prior significant acute GVHD. Twenty-six of 58 high-risk patients eligible at the time of transplant were subsequently tapered. Seven (27%) developed grade III/IV acute GVHD after completion of the taper, which was fatal in one patient. Chronic GVHD was observed in most patients, although with minimal overall impact on performance status. The overall probability of survival at 2 years was 43%. This non-randomised experience indicates that a rapid taper of CYA is tolerable and may provide an alternative to immunotherapy with donor leukocyte infusion in the high-risk allograft setting.
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PMID:Early cyclosporine taper in high-risk sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplants. 938 80

Increasing numbers of patients have received autologous stem cell transplants (ASCT) for hematologic malignancies. Since only a fraction of these patients are cured, physicians are more frequently faced with the dilemma of how to manage relapse post-transplant. Potential advantages of allogeneic transplantation (alloBMT) over ASCT include lack of graft tumor contamination and presence of a graft-versus-tumor effect. For this reason, patients who relapse after ASCT are often considered candidates for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. However, there is limited knowledge on the outcome of alloBMT in patients who relapse after ASCT. We retrospectively analyzed the outcome of 20 patients with malignant lymphoma (n = 14) and AML (n = 6) who underwent alloBMT after failing an ASCT. The median age was 30 (17-41) years and the interval from ASCT to alloBMT was 10.5 (2-25) months. Seventeen patients died between 0.3 to 11 months (median 2.0) after alloBMT, all due to BMT-related toxicities. Three patients remain alive and free of disease at 1.1, 1.2 and 2.5 years after alloBMT. Sixteen of the 18 evaluable patients (89%) developed grade II-IV acute GVHD. Patients undergoing alloBMT after ASCT have a very high treatment-related mortality and incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD. Alternative treatments with salvage chemotherapy, radiation or investigational approaches should be considered in patients who relapse after ASCT.
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PMID:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients who relapse after autologous transplantation. 940 27

Bone marrow transplantation was performed with a conditioning regimen including antithymocyte globulin (ATG) for 8 patients with HLA-compatible unrelated donors or HLA mismatched donor. Administration of ATG was halted due to side effects in only 1 case, but the other cases were had no adverse reaction. During administration of ATG, platelet counts did not decrease rapidly, but platelet infusion was not effective in some cases. As compared between patients with conventional allogeneic BMT, autologous BMT or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and those with ATG administration, no obvious difference was seen between the two groups in lymphocyte counts, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD20 positive cells. No patient with ATG saffered graft failure or acute GVHD. However, cytomegalovirus infection was observed more frequently than in patients without ATG. In hematological malignancy, relapse was more frequent than in patients without ATG.
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PMID:[Antithymocyte globulin as conditioning regimen for bone marrow transplantation]. 942 35


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