Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.1.1.69 (BMT)
 2,655 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and acute leukemia in one individual has rarely been observed. Despite few exceptions, two distinct patterns of association appear evident: acute lymphoblastic leukemia preceding LCH and LCH preceding acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). The latency of ANLL after the diagnosis of LCH is suggestive of a therapy-related process. This report describes two new cases in whom ANLL was diagnosed 7 years 8 months and 5 years 8 months after the start of initial treatment of disseminated recurrent LCH. Morphology showed blasts from FAB-type M4/M5 in the first patient, who died due to progression of leukemia. The second patient showed myelodysplastic syndrome (refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation; RAEB-t) and is now in remission from leukemia 3 years 11 months after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The review of a total of 26 patients with ANLL after LCH suggests that the disease has a poor prognosis and allogeneic BMT seems to be the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Occurrence of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in two girls after treatment of recurrent, disseminated Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 1032 16

In this prospective study we analyzed pre-emptive donor leukocyte infusions (DLI) in 82 consecutive patients transplanted with partially T cell-depleted grafts for acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, refractory anemia with excess of blasts, refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation and multiple myeloma. Donors were HLA-identical siblings. Patients without significant acute (>grade 1) and/or chronic GVHD were scheduled to be treated with DLI (35 patients) and 31 actually received DLI. Patients who developed acute GVHD >grade 1 and/or chronic GVHD were not scheduled to receive DLI and served as a comparison group (47 patients). The median interval between BMT and DLI was 22 weeks. The first six patients received 0.7 x 10(8) CD3+ cells/kg body weight (b.w.). Five out of these six patients developed acute GVHD (grade 1: n = 2, grade 3: n = 2 and grade 4: n= 1) which was more frequent and more severe than we had anticipated. In the next 25 patients the number of T lymphocytes was diminished to 0.1 x 10(8) CD3+ cells/kg b.w. which resulted in less frequent and less severe GVHD. Eight patients in this group developed acute GVHD (grade 1: n = 4, grade 2: n = 4) and three patients had limited chronic GVHD. Patients in the DLI group needed more time to establish complete donor chimerism confirmed by a higher number of mixed chimeras at 6 months after BMT. The projected 3-year probability of disease-free survival was 77% for the 35 patients intended to treat with DLI and 45% for the patients of the comparison group (P = 0.024). Relapse rate at 36 months after transplantation was 18% in the patients who were intended to treat with DLI and 44% in the comparison group (P = 0.026). We conclude that pre-emptive DLI is feasible and generates favorable relapse rates in patients who are at high risk for relapse. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of GVHD disease after DLI is dependent on the number of CD3+ cells infused.
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PMID:Induction of graft-versus-leukemia to prevent relapse after partially lymphocyte-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by pre-emptive donor leukocyte infusions. 1151 94

Age >or=50 years has been reported to be an adverse risk factor for allogeneic BMT, and consequently many of these patients are either not transplanted or treated on nonmyeloablative protocols. To study if older patients perform poorly relative to younger adults following myeloablative allogeneic transplants, we compared the outcomes of consecutive adults aged >or=50 years (n=51) to those <50 years (n=262) who received BU, CY+/-etoposide and allogeneic transplantation for AML, CML, MDS and NHL from 1984 to 2000. Median ages were 53 (range 50-66) and 35 (range 18-49) years for older and younger patients, respectively. Patients were low-risk if they had AML in CR1, CML in first chronic phase, refractory anemia, or NHL in remission or sensitive relapse at the time of transplantation. All others were high-risk. In patients with low-risk disease, there was no significant difference in overall survival (OS) between older and younger adults (P=0.64), while older patients tended to have a shorter OS among high-risk patients (P=0.06). The 3-year OS was 53% (95% CI, 29-77%) compared to 60% (95% CI, 50-69%) for older and younger patients with low-risk disease, respectively. The corresponding 3-year OS were 27% (95% CI, 11-43%) and 37% (95% CI, 25-45%) for high-risk patients. In low-risk patients, the incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease, and treatment-related mortality were similar in older and younger patients, while older patients experienced more treatment-related deaths by day 100. On multivariable analysis, age >or=50 years was a significant adverse factor only when high-risk patients were considered. We conclude that when radiation-free conditioning is used, age >or=50 years is not a significant adverse risk factor for allogeneic BMT in patients with low-risk disease, and that such patients should not be excluded from conventional myeloablative approaches until the efficacy of nonmyeloablative transplantation is better established.
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PMID:Radiation-free regimens result in similar outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in patients aged >or=50 years compared to younger adults with low-risk disease. 1262 88

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains a challenge due to the toxic conditioning regimens administered to minimize the risk of relapse in the HLA-matched or of graft rejection in the HLA-mismatched settings. In the absence of matched sibling donors, alternative donors such as unrelated and/or partially matched family sources remain risky, yet the only available, options. Herein we report the results of HCT from alternative donors in 14 children with different subtypes of MDS (juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia [JMML] n = 9; myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS] refractory anemia n = 3; MDS refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation n = 2) transplanted at our institution. The median time from diagnosis to HCT was 9 months (range 4 to 90 months). The variety of HCT types included: unrelated peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) (n = 2), partially matched family donor T-cell-repleted BMT/PBPCT (n = 6), and haploidentical T-cell-depleted PBPCT (n = 6). Five of 14 patients remain alive at 7 to 37 months posttransplant (including two patients after partially matched family donor BMT, two patients after haploidentical T-cell-depleted-PBPCT, and one after unrelated-PBPCT, respectively). The major complications were: primary graft failure in the haploidentical T-cell-depleted-setting or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in T-cell-repleted partially matched family or unrelated settings, respectively. Despite the high transplant-related mortality rate in this series, allogeneic HCT from alternative donors remains an interesting solution for children with MDS who lack matched sibling donors. Due to improved immune reconstitution, despite an increased risk of GvHD, T-cell-repleted transplants from single HLA-mismatched family donors remain a valuable option for children without matched donors. Splenectomy prior to HCT may positively affect the posttransplant course in patients with overt splenomegaly for example those afflicted with JMML.
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PMID:Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from alternative donors in children with myelodysplastic syndrome: is that an alternative? 1525 88

Myelodisplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders, characterized by ineffective hemopoiesis resulting in single or multiple lineages and a high risk of conversion to acute leukemia. Currently, the only established therapy with curative potential for MDS is a hemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Their results are determined by the type of MDS, age at the BMT and the score according to the international index. In the main studies the disease-free survival (DFS) were 35-43%, relapse 20 to 39% and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) 36-45%. HSCT offers best results in goods prognosis MDS (refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts) with DFS of 53-72% and 13% of relapse, in contrast with the advanced MDS (refractory anemia with blast in excess (AREB), AREB in transformation and secondary acute leukemia) where the DFS is about approximately 33%, the relapse 23-34% and MRT 37-60%. The HSCT from unrelated donor is an option for patients that do not an HLA-matched related donor, with a approximately 30% of DFS, but with a MRT up to 58%. The HSCT with regimens of low intensity (minitransplants) for aged patients are feasible but their efficacy has not yet been determined.
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PMID:[Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the myelodisplastic syndromes]. 1652 69

Refractory anemia, also known as myelodysplastic syndromes, forms a group of clonal diseases characterized by cytopenias with mostly rich bone marrow. Preferentially reaching an older population, the prognosis depends on both comorbidities and characteristics of the disease, which have been grouped into a score established in 1997 ("IPSS = International Prognostic Scoring System") and revised in 2012 ("R-IPSS = Revised IPSS"). Overall survival and risk of transformation into acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia can now be estimated fairly accurately. Based on these characteristics, the treatment will be mainly supportive or will use several new molecules: growth factors, lenalidomide, 5-azacitidine, etc. A minority of patients may also benefit from allogeneic BMT or sometimes immunosuppressive therapy.
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PMID:[Refractory anemias]. 2419 47