Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.1.1.148 (Thy1)
 1,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myeloid progenitor cells and macrophages derived from bone marrow and spleen were efficiently transformed in vitro by infection with Moloney-based retroviral vectors carrying a human c-myc gene. Infected cells were plated in agar in the presence of combinations of the murine lymphokines CSF-1, IL-3, GM-CSF and IL-1. Between 20% and 100% of the colony-forming cells in the initial bone marrow or spleen population could be infected and gave rise to drug-resistant colonies. A large fraction of the infected cells showed continued proliferation after transfer to liquid media and we have derived over 200 growth factor-dependent cell lines. These include adherent and non-adherent CSF-1 or GM-CSF dependent macrophages and macrophage precursors and cell lines which require complex combinations of growth factors for optimal growth. Each of the cell lines displays a unique pattern of expression of surface markers specific for the myeloid lineage including the Mac-1, Mac-2, Mac-3, Ser-4 and F4/80 antigens. Surface markers not specifically associated with the myeloid lineage such as the MHC class II antigens and the Fc-receptor; and surface markers normally associated with the B-cell and T-cell lineages such as B220, L3T4 and Thy1.2 are also found on these cell lines.
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PMID:Transformation of growth factor-dependent myeloid stem cells with retroviral vectors carrying c-myc. 266 72

Rat thymic dendritic cells (TDC) were isolated from thymic cell suspension by Nycodenz gradients of different densities and osmolarities. After cultivation of these cells for 3 days in the conditioned medium (TE-R 2.5 + HT supernatant) prepared by cocultivation of a medullary thymic epithelial cell line (TE-R 2.5) and hydrocortisone resistant thymocytes, the purity (75-85%) and survival of TDC significantly increased. The supernatant contained moderate activities of IL-1 and IL-6, low levels of TNF-alpha and IL-2 and factor(s) that strongly stimulated the proliferation of a mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. TDC survival in culture was significantly increased by GM-CSF and decreased by IL-6 and IFN-gamma. The phenotype of TDC was studied by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to rat cell surface markers. It was found that almost all freshly isolated TDC expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules as well as CD45. Most TDC were LFA-1 (CD11a)+, CD18+, ICAM-1 (CD54)+ and CD53 (OX- 44)+, but only certain subsets expressed CD11b and thymocyte markers Thy1, CD2, CD4 and CD8. Upregulation in the expression of almost all the markers was observed after cultivation of TDC. In addition, cultivated, but not freshly isolated TDC expressed CD25 (IL-2R alpha) and CD45RC (OX-22) molecules. Cultivated TDC had strong accessory function in autologous thymocyte proliferation.
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PMID:Isolation, cultivation and phenotypic characterization of rat thymic dendritic cells. 862 79

Gene-targeted mice lacking the hemopoietic growth factors, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, show increased susceptibility to infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes. The resident peritoneal cell populations from G-CSF(-/-) and GM-CSF(-/-) mice showed reduced production of the bactericidal molecule nitric oxide. Macrophage-mediated tumoricidal activity and phagocytosis of Listeria were reduced in G-CSF(-/-), but not in GM-CSF(-/-), mice. In G-CSF(-/-) mice, there was an unexpected expansion (from 18% in WT to 38%) of a population of cells with morphology intermediate between typical macrophages and typical lymphocytes. These cells had some of the features of poorly differentiated macrophages, being adherent to plastic but poorly phagocytic, nonspecific esterase positive but myeloperoxidase negative. They were largely negative for the macrophage marker F4/80 and for Thy1, B220, and Gr1. Their disproportionate presence, and the corresponding deficiency in typical macrophages, possibly accounts for some of the functional deficiencies observed in G-CSF(-/-) mice.
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PMID:Functional deficiencies of peritoneal cells from gene-targeted mice lacking G-CSF or GM-CSF. 1008 9

So far no comparative studies have been conducted to know whether physiological influences related to sex hormonal differences affect the age-related changes of the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pregnancies and sex influence the age-related changes in the peripheral lymphoid compartment and functions of T cells in mice. Using flow cytometry, we examined changes in (Thy1.2+) T cells, (B220+) B cells and (CD11b/Mac-1+) macrophages in the spleen of multiparous and virgin females and males at 2, 8, 15 and 23 months of age. The development of naive (CD44low) and memory (CD44high) cells were investigated in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. To analyze the age-related changes in functions of T cells, we examined the secretion of some T cell immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, gamma-interferon and GM-CSF) of in vitro Concanavalin A-activated spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice. Both short term (8 months) and long term (15-23 months) effects of pregnancies were obvious in the age-related changes of the immune system. Short term effect included delayed appearance of memory CD4+ cells and the preserved IL-2 production. At eight months, shortly after pregnancies, both parameters were higher in multiparous females. Later effects of pregnancies were evidenced by a higher level of macrophages (Mac-1+) than in other groups throughout life. The increased gamma-interferon, IL-4 and GM-CSF productions appeared earlier, at 15 months, IL-4 and GM-CSF levels remained higher in multiparous females than in virgin females and males in late adulthood. Sex differences were also noticed: males exhibited lower macrophage levels after one year and gamma-interferon secretion capacity than females in late life. This study underlines that the onset, magnitude and kinetics of the age-related changes in the distribution of immune cells and T cell functions are parity- and sex-dependent. These changes may influence the incidence of age-related diseases and may explain the greater longevity of women, especially the multiparous ones.
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PMID:[Aging and the immune system. Experimental aspects]. 1056 Jan 68

Adhesion molecules on CD34(+) cells were implicated in the process of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization and homing. We studied the mobilization of CD34(+)Thy1(+) cells, CD34(+) very late-acting antigen (VLA)4(+) cells, and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cells in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF, GM-CSF, or GM-CSF followed by G-CSF. The mean percentage of CD34(+) cells in the bone marrow (BM) expressing Thy1 was 23.6% +/- 11% and 17.8% +/- 8% in the PB before mobilization, and was markedly decreased to 4.5% +/- 3.3% in the apheresis collections. Similarly, the mean percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing L-selectin was 35.8% +/- 4.3% in the BM, 21.6% +/- 4.1% in the PB before mobilization and was markedly decreased to 9.1% +/- 2.5% in the apheresis collections. Patients in the three arms of the study had a similar pattern of CD34(+)Thy1(+) and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cell mobilization. Also, a similar pattern of coexpression of CD34(+)Thy1(+) and CD34(+)L-selectin(+) cells was observed when the patients were regrouped as "good mobilizers" (> or =2 x 10(6) CD34(+)CD45(dim) cells/kg, in four collections) and "poor mobilizers" (<0.4 x 10(6) CD34(+)CD45(dim) cells/kg, in two collections). The mean percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing VLA-4 in the BM and PB was relatively high (73.4% +/- 12% and 65.4% +/- 6.6%, respectively) and dropped considerably in the PBSC collections to 43.5% +/- 7.1% with a similar pattern observed for patients in arms A, B, and C. However, when the patients were regrouped as "good mobilizers" and "poor mobilizers," a higher percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing VLA-4 was observed in the PBSC of the pooled "good mobilizers" (50.5% +/- 9% versus 36.3% +/- 6.4%; p = 0.01). We conclude that release of CD34(+) cells to the PB involves a general downregulation of Thy1, L-selectin and VLA-4 on CD34(+) cells, irrespective of the growth factor used for mobilization. However, good mobilizers had a relatively higher percentage of CD34(+) cells expressing the VLA-4 antigen.
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PMID:Expression of adhesion molecules on CD34(+) cells in peripheral blood of non-hodgkin's lymphoma patients mobilized with different growth factors. 1123 68

This study was aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of osteoblasts and their hematopoietic supportive function by using human fetal osteoblastic cell line 1.19 (hFOBs) as a model. The pluripotency markers (Oct-4, Rex-1, hTERT) of hFOBs were analyzed by RT-PCR, the multilineage differentiation experiments were conducted in vitro. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to identify the surface markers of hFOBs, and RT-PCR was used to analyze their hematopoietic cytokine expression in comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC). The results showed that hFOBs expressed several ESC pluripotency markers including Oct-4 and Rex-1, except hTERT. Moreover, hFOBs could also undergo multilineage differentiation into the mesodermal lineages of adipocytic cell types in addition to its predetermined pathway, the mature osteoblast. Both hFOBs and BM-MSC expressed CD44, CD73 (SH3), CD105 (SH2) and CD90 (Thy1), and lack expression of CD34, CD45, or HLA-DR surface molecules. In addition, both hFOBs and BM-MSC expressed SCF, IL-6, and SDF-1alpha mRNA, but only hFOBs could express GM-CSF and G-CSF. It is concluded that human fetal osteoblastic cell line 1.19 may provide a good model to study the osteoblastic regulation role in hematopoiesis in vitro.
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PMID:[Biological characteristics of human fetal osteoblastic 1.19 cell line]. 1842 61

Transduction of murine B16 melanoma cells with a GM-CSF gene, the B16-MG tumor line, showed reduced tumorigenicity. In vitro studies demonstrated no remarkable difference between the parent and transduced tumor lines in their ability to induce secondary response to generate the anti-tumor killer cells (immunogenicity), or in their susceptibility to the killing by anti-tumor killer cells (immunosensitivity). Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were required for the generation of the effecters. Nevertheless the effecters were determined to be Thy1.2(+), CD8(-), and NK1.1(-). At least two antigenic specificities could be defined in the cytolytic reactions. One was a broadly cross-reactive antigen shared by a variety of tumor cells, and the other apparently a tumor-specific antigen which was only present in B16 tumors. Cold target inhibition experiment confirmed these specificities. In the in vivo tumor transplantation study, the B16-MG cell line was not only more immunogenic but also was more immunosensitive than the parent line. More than 50% of the mice which were immunized with B16-MG remained tumor free after challenge with the parent tumor B16, indicating that GM-CSF gene transfer makes an effective tumor vaccine. The in vivo protective effect was specific for B16 tumor, thus only the tumor-specific antigen could function as transplantation antigen. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells were required for providing the in vivo protection. Both the B16 and B16-MG tumor bearing hosts could generate anti-tumor killer cells, hence the development of progressive growth of B16 tumor was not due to the lack of anti-tumor immune response. It appears that the overall effect of in vivo tumor immunity is determined by a complex network of interactions among different compartments of host immune cells and different compartments of host immune cells and different immune-regulatory molecules derived from the host and from the tumor.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo correlation of the effect of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer on the tumorigenicity and immunogenicity of B16 melanoma. 2154 37