Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:2.1.1.148 (Thy1)
 1,210 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The impact of social defeat on lymphocyte subpopulations and T helper subsets was investigated in Long Evans rats. CD4 T helper cell subsets with distinct functional properties and different cytokine profiles can be distinguished by using the mAbs OX-22 (anti-CD45RC) and OX-7 (anti-CD90, Thy1.1). Male intruders were exposed for 2, 6, or 48 h to aggressive resident pairs. All intruders were attacked upon introduction and were defeated as indicated by frequent display of full submissive postures. After 2 and 48 h of confrontation, drastic but differential effects on blood leukocyte numbers, CD4 and CD8a cells, and CD4 subsets were evident. However, after 6 h of confrontation most lymphocyte subset numbers corresponded to baseline levels. Focusing on CD4 subsets after 2 h of confrontation, we demonstrated that only the number of the CD45RC-CD90(-) subset declines, whereas neither the number of the CD45RC+CD90(-) subset nor the number of the CD45RC-CD90(+) subset (recent thymic emigrants) was influenced. Con A stimulation of sorted subsets identified the CD45RC-CD90(-) as a poor producer of IFN-gamma. The data clearly demonstrate that social factors might differentially influence not only T cell subsets but also T helper cell subsets with distinct cytokine profiles in a possibly time-dependent manner. Such a stress-induced shift toward a CD45RC+CD90(-)-dominated milieu may have important consequences in interpreting results obtained from mitogenic stimulation of blood lymphocytes and cytokine production profiles measured after such a stimulation. In addition, a shift toward a CD45RC+CD90(-) dominance may modify the type and magnitude of immune response, at least temporarily.
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PMID:Impact of social confrontation on rat CD4 T cells bearing different CD45R isoforms. 904 51

Allogeneic lymphocytes administered with an unmanipulated bone marrow transplant provide a strong antileukaemic effect, the so-called graft-versus-leukaemia (GVL) effect. On the other hand, T-cell-mediated graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) observed after transplantation of unmanipulated BM graft causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to determine the antileukaemic potential of enriched IL-2 activated NK cells administered 2 h after BMT. Balb/c (H-2d) mice were given a dose of A20 (H-2d, B-cell leukaemia) cells 2 d prior to lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and transplantation of either syngeneic or allogeneic anti-Thy1.2 (CD90) depleted bone marrow cells. Either syngeneic (Balb/c, H-2d) or allogeneic (C57BL/6, H-2b) enriched and IL-2 (200 U/ml for 24 h) activated NK cells were given 2 h after BMT. Injection of A20 leukaemia into normal Balb/c recipients led to death after a median of 14 d. A lethal dose of TBI followed by either syngeneic or allogeneic Thy1.2-depleted BMT resulted in a modest antileukaemic effect. The adoptive transfer of syngeneic enriched and IL-2 preincubated NK cells given at time of BMT exerted a significantly better GVL effect. However, the infusion of allogeneic enriched NK cells resulted in a stronger GVL effect. These results clearly demonstrate that allogeneic NK cells are superior to syngeneic NK cells in their potential to eradicate residual leukaemia cells after BMT without mediating clinical overt GVHD. This experimental setting may offer a strategy for treatment of haematological malignancies in a phase of minimal residual disease.
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PMID:Allogeneic MHC-mismatched activated natural killer cells administered after bone marrow transplantation provide a strong graft-versus-leukaemia effect in mice. 907 19

The subset of blood cells that expresses both CD34 and Thy1 (CD90) cell surface molecules is enriched in hematopoietic stem cell activity and can be obtained from the peripheral blood of cancer patients after mobilization by chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Because transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a potent inhibitor of hematopoietic progenitor proliferation and differentiation, in this study we analyzed the impact of neutralizing TGF-beta1 activity during culture and retroviral transduction of CD34+Thy1+ cells. When purified CD34+Thy1+ cells were cultured in the presence of a neutralizing antibody against TGF-beta1, the percentage of cycling cells, proliferation, and absolute number of clonogenic progenitors were increased in comparison to the cultures performed without the addition of antibody. Antibody-mediated neutralization of TGF-beta1 during retroviral transduction performed by coculture of CD34+Thy1+ cells with a MFG-S-nlsLacZ retroviral vector-producing cell line did not affect the percentage of transduced progenitors as assessed by direct X-Gal staining of colonies in clonogenic assays. However, due to the better expansion of CD34+Thy1+ cells in the presence of anti-TGF-beta1, the absolute number of transduced progenitors recovered at the end of the culture was increased.
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PMID:A neutralizing anti-TGF-beta1 antibody promotes proliferation of CD34+Thy-1+ peripheral blood progenitors and increases the number of transduced progenitors. 959 Jun 53

We have identified a small subset of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(-) thymocytes that do not express Thy1 (CD90). This Thy1(-) subset represents 1-3.7% of the total number of thymocytes in a naive mouse. CD4(+)Thy1(-) thymocytes express high levels of CD3, intermediate to high levels of heat-stable antigen (HSA), and low levels of CD25, CD45RB, CD69, CD44 and CD62L. They produce high titers of IL-4 and no IFN-gamma upon stimulation in vitro, a response characteristic of T(h)2 cells. In the thymi of mice infected neonatally with a high dose of the retrovirus Cas-Br-E MuLV, the frequency of CD4(+)Thy1(-) cells increased approximately 10-fold. High-dose virus infection resulted in decreased HSA and increased CD44 expression on CD4(+)Thy1(-) cells relative to cells from naive mice. CD4(+)Thy1(-) cells from high-dose infected mice also secreted IL-4 and not IFN-gamma upon in vitro stimulation. We previously reported that infection of newborn mice with a high dose of murine retrovirus results in the induction of a non-protective anti-viral T(h)2 T cell response; CD4(+)Thy1(-) thymocytes with a T(h)2-like cytokine profile may play a role in determining the cytokine bias of this anti-viral response.
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PMID:CD4+Thy1- thymocytes with a Th-type 2 cytokine response. 1113 36

Interferon alpha/beta plays an important role in the first-line defense against viral infections and can modulate cytokine responses by T-helper cells. Type 1 interferons (IFNs) are clinically important in infectious diseases and in the treatment of leukemia and lymphomas. Many different cell types have the capacity to produce IFN-alpha after encounter with virus and bacteria. The major, natural type 1 IFN-producing cell in humans was recently described as the plasmacytoid T cell, or pDC2, and it can differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) on culture. This study describes the murine natural IFN-alpha-producing cell, or pDC2, that shares morphologic features with its human counterpart but has some distinct phenotypical characteristics. Murine plasmacytoid DCs can be differentially isolated based on their expression of CD11c, B220 (CD45R), and Thy1.2 (CD90). They lack expression of myeloid (eg, CD11b) antigens and CD8 alpha, a marker used to isolate lymphoid DCs. Like human pDC2, murine plasmacytoid DCs exhibit their maximal type 1 IFN-producing capacity at a precursor stage; pDCs isolated from bone marrow responded to viral stimulation with higher IFN-alpha production than cells of the same phenotype isolated from spleen. Mobilization of mice with Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) or Flt3L and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, hematopoietic factors that specifically enhance DC growth, resulted in strikingly increased numbers of pDC in bone marrow and spleen. The isolation of this novel murine DC subset may serve as a useful tool in the study of viral immunobiology and for the design of treatments for murine malignancies.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from Flt3 ligand and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-treated mice. 1173 52

Spindle cell melanoma is a rare and distinctive variant of malignant melanoma that is composed of spindled neoplastic cells and includes desmoplastic and neurotropic melanoma. The lack of expression of several melanoma markers may result in a delayed or wrong diagnosis. In this study, we have analyzed in detail the phenotype of the tumor cells in 9 spindle cell melanomas on both paraffin-embedded and frozen material, using melanocytic, neural, and mesenchymal markers. The neoplastic cells expressed the melanocytic markers S-100, Mel-CAM, and NKIC3, but lacked gp100 and Melan-A; tyrosinase and c-Kit were expressed in 2 of 7 cases. Most cases expressed the neural markers p75-nerve growth factor receptor, neural cell adhesion molecule, and NSE. All cases expressed vimentin but lacked the mesenchymal markers CD34 and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Remarkably, all spindle cell melanomas strongly and diffusely expressed the fibroblastic markers Thy1 (CD90) and aminopeptidase N (CD13) and variably expressed the enzyme prolyl-4-hydroxylase, involved in procollagen formation. The coexpression of melanocytic, neural, and fibroblastic markers suggests bidirectional differentiation of neoplastic melanocytes toward (myo)fibroblasts and Schwann cells, a feature that was confirmed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, the lack of CD90 and CD13 staining in a wide range of melanocytic lesions suggests specificity of these markers for spindle cell melanoma.
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PMID:New phenotypical and ultrastructural findings in spindle cell (desmoplastic/neurotropic) melanoma. 1466 57

CD25 has become widely used as a marker for a subset of regulatory CD4(+) T cells present in the thymus and periphery of mice, rats and humans. However, CD25 is also expressed on conventionally activated T cells that are not regulatory and not all peripheral regulatory T cells express CD25. The identification of a stable and unique marker for regulatory T cells would therefore be valuable. This study provides a detailed account of the phenotype of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in rats. In the thymus, CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(+) cells were found to have a more mature phenotype than the corresponding CD4(+)CD8(-)CD25(-) cells with respect to expression of Thy1 (CD90), CD53 and CD44, suggesting that CD25 expression, and perhaps commitment to regulatory function, might be a late event in thymocyte development. CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in both the thymus and periphery were found to have enriched and heterogeneous expression of activation markers such as OX40 (CD134) and OX48 (an antibody determined in this study to be specific for CD86). CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were also found to have enriched expression of CD80, at both the mRNA and protein level. However, functional studies in vitro and in vivo showed that neither OX40 or CD86 were useful markers for the further subdivision of regulatory T cells. Our studies indicate that, at present, CD25 remains the most useful marker to enrich for regulatory CD4(+) T cells in rats and no further subdivision of the regulatory component of CD4(+)CD25(-)CD45RC(low) T cells has yet been achieved.
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PMID:Phenotypic characterization of regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells in rats. 1473 22

A novel canine lymphoma cell line, OSW, was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a dog with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The immunoprofile as determined by flow cytometry was as follows: positive for CD45, CD49d, CD18, CD11a; weakly positive for CD11b, CD11c, CD11d; and negative for CD45RA, CD1a, CD1c, CD3, TCRalphabeta, TCRgammadelta, CD4, CD5, CD8a, CD8b, CD90(Thy1), CD21, MHCII, CD14(TUK4), CD34, and MPO. Immunocytochemistry of cytospin preparations was negative for cytoplasmic CD3, CD79a, and MPO, but was positive for CD20. The cell line had an oligoclonal T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene rearrangement. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and single locus probe (SLP) analysis showed that there were copy number increases of loci on dog chromosome 13 (CFA 13), and copy number decreases were evident for regions of CFA 11, 22, 26, 30 and 32, which include several of the more common chromosomal aberrations reported previously in canine lymphoma. The OSW cell line grows rapidly in vitro and is tumorigenic as a xenograft in SCID/NOD mice. OSW represents one of only a few reported canine lymphoma cell lines and is the most thoroughly characterized. This cell line and xenograft represent significant in vitro and in vivo models, respectively, for comparative and translational lymphoma research.
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PMID:A novel canine lymphoma cell line: a translational and comparative model for lymphoma research. 1753 64

The International Stem Cell Initiative characterized 59 human embryonic stem cell lines from 17 laboratories worldwide. Despite diverse genotypes and different techniques used for derivation and maintenance, all lines exhibited similar expression patterns for several markers of human embryonic stem cells. They expressed the glycolipid antigens SSEA3 and SSEA4, the keratan sulfate antigens TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, GCTM2 and GCT343, and the protein antigens CD9, Thy1 (also known as CD90), tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and class 1 HLA, as well as the strongly developmentally regulated genes NANOG, POU5F1 (formerly known as OCT4), TDGF1, DNMT3B, GABRB3 and GDF3. Nevertheless, the lines were not identical: differences in expression of several lineage markers were evident, and several imprinted genes showed generally similar allele-specific expression patterns, but some gene-dependent variation was observed. Also, some female lines expressed readily detectable levels of XIST whereas others did not. No significant contamination of the lines with mycoplasma, bacteria or cytopathic viruses was detected.
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PMID:Characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines by the International Stem Cell Initiative. 1762

Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common solid tumor in children. Tumors in advanced stage or with positive risk factors still have a poor prognosis. Thy1 (CD90) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed in thymus, retinal ganglionic cells, and several types of stem cells. The aim of this study was to assess Thy1 expression in NBL and analyze the correlation with clinical outcome. Sixty-three specimens of NBL were stained for Thy1 on a tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. Fresh frozen tumor tissues were used for RNA isolation, and RT-PCR analysis for Thy1-mRNA expression was performed. Patients' survival data were correlated with Thy1 status using a log rank test and a Cox regression multivariate analysis. Thy1 was expressed on 51 (81%) of the tumors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a significantly impaired survival in patients with NBL missing Thy1 (P < 0.005 by log-rank test). A multivariate Cox regression showed an independent prognostic value of Thy1 status for overall survival (P < 0.05). In addition, the frequency of events and deaths was significantly higher in the group of patients with Thy1 negative tumors, as assessed by ANOVA analysis (P < 0.05 by F-test). The data showed that Thy1-negative NBL patients have a significantly impaired overall survival compared with Thy1-positive NBL patients. Thus, Thy1 seemed to be a marker with a specific prognostic value in NBL patients. Future studies are aiming at the biological role of this marker in the tumor cell differentiation.
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PMID:Lack of Thy1 (CD90) expression in neuroblastomas is correlated with impaired survival. 1795 44


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