Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) myoglobin (Mb) Val E11 signal provides a unique opportunity to assess the functional role of Mb in the cell. On CO infusion in perfused myocardium, the MbO2 signal at -2.76 parts per million (ppm) gradually disappears, whereas the corresponding MbCO signal emerges at -2.26 ppm, reflecting the state of Mb inhibition. Up to 76.8% MbCO saturation, myocardial O2 consumption (MVO2) remains constant, whereas the rate-pressure product (RPP) has already dropped to 92% of the control level. At 87.6% MbCO saturation, the lactate formation rate has increased by a factor of two, and MVO2 begins to decline. However, the ratio CO/O2 is still 1/10, well below the inhibition threshold for cytochrome oxidase activity. The MVO2 decline in the face of an adequate O2 supply and an unperturbed high-energy phosphate level implies that Mb may play a role in directly regulating respiration, mediated potentially by a shift in NADH/NAD. Although nitrite inhibits Mb, nitrite also directly affects the myocardial function.
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PMID:Carbon monoxide inhibition of regulatory pathways in myocardium. 984 41

Barrels in the somatosensory cortex are segregated columns, which somatotopically relate to facial whiskers. The barrel pattern is assumed to be determined by an extrinsic mechanism (the domino theory). This theory is based on whisker lesion experiments and developmental observations regarding the serial establishment of the somatotopic pattern in which pattern formations are relayed from the periphery to the central nervous system. However, the barrel pattern is possibly determined by an intrinsic mechanism, especially in its primitive form. In order to investigate the definitive mechanism, we established an experimental system in which the cortical barrel pattern can be altered, not by using a lesion paradigm, but by epigenetically changing the whisker pattern. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) plays a pivotal role in whisker development. We transfected an adenovirus harboring chicken Shh (Ad-cShh) to mouse embryos (E9.5-E11.5) using an in utero surgical technique. When Ad-cShh was expressed in the epidermis, Bmp4, Ptch, Ptch2 and Gli1 were induced ectopically in the interfollicular region. In contrast, the expression of Bmp2 and Shh itself was unaltered. At a suitable dose of Ad-cShh, some pups displayed supernumerary whiskers or a disordered whisker pattern. The barrel patterns of these mice after the critical period were topographic representations of the contralateral side of the new whisker patterns when visualized by a cytochrome oxidase or Nissle staining method, supporting the instructive role of the extrinsic mechanism.
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PMID:Altered whisker patterns induced by ectopic expression of Shh are topographically represented by barrels. 1222 Jul 8