Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The saccus vasculosus (SV) of C. batrachus is comparatively small and situated latero-dorsal to the pituitary in between the lobi inferiores. It is in open communication with the third ventricle and is made up of coronet and supporting glial cells with interspersed liquor contacting neurons. These cellular constituents are arranged in one to three layers which are not thrown into folds. The PAS positive nature of the apical part of some coronet cells and their continuation with the PAS and AF positive material present in the lumen strongly suggest their secretory role. The coronet cells exhibited strong NADH diaphorase, NADPH diaphorase, cytochrome oxidase and MAO activity. AChE activity was comparatively weak. These enzyme histochemical studies show that SV has a dual function of transport and secretion. The strong MAO activity suggests the probable aminergic control of this organ.
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PMID:A histoenzymological study of the saccus vasculosus of the freshwater teleost, Clarias batrachus (L.). 23 44

The basic histology of the developing embryonic gut wall of the chick was examined on haematein and eosin-stained paraffin sections. In parallel with this, the ontogenic sequence of myenteric plexus formation was followed on whole mounts after NADH diaphorase histochemistry. The presence of nerve elements was verified also by electron microscopy. The appearance of enteric gamma-aminobutyric acid-containing neurons, as an example of an intrinsic inhibitory neuronal system, was studied by using an antiserum against the gamma-aminobutyric acid glutaraldehyde bovine serum albumin conjugate. The development of noradrenergic innervation as an extrinsic inhibitory supply was followed by means of a glyoxylic acid-induced fluorescence method. Cytochrome oxidase activity was detected histochemically. Three consecutive steps of the morphogenesis of the myenteric plexus were revealed; first the appearance of a cellular crest at the mesenteric border on embryonic day 9; second the migration and clustering of nerve cells between embryonic days 10 and 16; then the elongation of neurites on embryonic days 16 and 21. Immunoreactive and also fluorescent fibres were first detected on the 14th day of incubation, while immunopositive cell bodies appeared only after hatching. In the early stages the cytochrome oxidase activity was restricted to the perikarya, while at the end of embryonic development the activity also appeared in the ganglionic neuropile. On the basis of these observations, we concluded that there is a close time relation between the morphogenesis and the biochemical and functional maturation of the myenteric plexus.
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PMID:Relationship between appearance of GABA, fluorogenic monoamines and cytochrome oxidase activity during prenatal morphogenesis of chick myenteric plexus. 166 Feb 25

Influence of a cold (10 degrees C) or warm (35 degrees C) environment and a high or low level of energy intake on respiratory enzyme activities has been investigated in porcine skeletal muscle. Scanning microdensitometry was used to measure the reaction products from mitochondrial enzymes in individual slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibres. A cold environment was found to increase the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in both types of muscle fibre (P less than 0.001 for dark fibres, P less than 0.01 for light fibres) from young growing animals. Enzyme activity was also increased in animals on a low compared with a high energy intake (P less than 0.01) when living at 10 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C. Similar findings were obtained for NADH diaphorase and cytochrome oxidase aa3. The numbers of slow-twitch muscle fibres also increased after exposure to cold (P less than 0.01) and as a result of a low energy intake (P less than 0.01). These results are similar to those obtained in other species after exercise or as a result of peripheral arterial insufficiency. The extent to which they could be related to local tissue hypoxia or to changes in metabolic hormones is discussed.
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PMID:Influence of environmental temperature and energy intake on skeletal muscle respiratory enzymes and morphology. 285 42

We studied two diagnostic aspects of fatal infantile defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: the age dependence of muscle mitochondrial enzyme activities and the reliability of diagnosis from autopsy samples. In morphologically normal quadriceps muscle samples of 46 children between the ages of 3 days and 15 years, activities of complex I plus III (NADH:cytochrome c oxidoreductase) and complex II plus III (succinate:cytochrome c oxidoreductase) increased 2-fold during the first three years of life, while that of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), and citrate synthase did not show significant correlation with age. We suggest that these changes are related to age and stress the importance of strictly age-matched controls when diagnosing a mitochondrial disease of early childhood. The value of autopsy samples in diagnostic studies was evaluated by comparing mitochondrial enzyme activities in quadriceps muscle from autopsies and from surgical biopsies. In quadriceps muscle mitochondria, all the enzyme activities studied remained stable for at least 3 h after death. Using age-matched controls and autopsy samples, we diagnosed a respiratory chain enzyme deficiency in two infants, and the defects were confirmed in cultured skin fibroblasts.
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PMID:Diagnosis of fatal infantile defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain: age dependence and postmortem analysis of enzyme activities. 874 50

Canine ocular onchocerciasis has a worldwide distribution and has been associated in Europe with Onchocerca lupi based on morphologic and molecular analysis. In the United States, canine ocular onchocerciasis is reportedly associated with Onchocerca lienalis. This association is based solely on histopathologic examination of ocular tissues. The purpose of this study was to use molecular analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine ocular tissue to determine the genetic identity of Onchocerca associated with canine ocular onchocerciasis in the United States. PCR and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) and NADH hydrogenase 5 (nd5) genes demonstrated >99% similarity between the sequences obtained from canine ocular tissues previously diagnosed with onchocerciasis. The obtained sequences were most similar to O. lupi (>99% similarity). This report confirms for the first time that O. lupi is associated with canine ocular onchocerciasis in the United States, contrary to previously published reports.
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PMID:Canine ocular onchocercosis in the United States is associated with Onchocerca lupi. 2327 98