Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The contribution of muscle tissue to the increased metabolic efficiency of the obese (fa/fa) Zucker rat at 6 wk of age was examined. In vitro O2 consumption was similar in obese and nonobese soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, whether the animals were fed ad libitum, fasted, or treated with triiodothyronine. No phenotypic difference in the in vitro O2 consumption was seen when the muscles were preincubated with or without exogenous insulin. Pyruvate kinase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase activities were similar in the soleus and the EDL muscles of both phenotypes. Phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were higher in the soleus muscles from the obese rats, whereas hexokinase activities were higher in the EDL muscles from the nonobese rats. Mitochondrial and whole muscle homogenate respiration rates were similar in both phenotypes. The soleus and EDL muscles from the obese animals weighed less than those from the nonobese, but empty carcass weights were similar. Taken together these data suggest that muscle mass, muscle O2 consumption, and muscle oxidative capacity are similar in 6-wk-old obese and nonobese rats. Therefore other tissues are probably responsible for the increased metabolic efficiency of the young obese rat.
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PMID:Oxygen consumption and oxidative capacity of muscles from young obese and nonobese Zucker rats. 609 7

Changes in the maximal rate of some enzymatic activities related to energy transduction (lactate dehydrogenase; citrate synthetase and malate dehydrogenase; total NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase) and others such as glutamate dehydrogenase and acetylcholine esterase were assayed both in the purified mitochondrial fraction and in the crude synaptosomal fraction from the cerebral cortex of rats. The evaluations were performed before and after a postdecapitative normothermic ischaemia of 5, 10, 20 and 40 min duration. The ischaemic damage resulted in a decrease in the activity of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and total NADH-cytochrome c reductase, and of synaptosomal acetylcholine esterase. The biochemical evaluations were performed also after an intraperitoneal pretreatment with vincamine TPS, trimetazidine DC and suloctidil (50 mg/kg). These drugs induced different changes in enzyme activities as a function of the duration of ischaemia. These various interferences are discussed with regard to the possible mode of action of the drugs.
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PMID:Effect of ischaemia and pharmacological treatment on enzyme activities of cortical mitochondria and synaptosomes. 609 68

Using histochemical techniques, the reactivities of selected enzymes and other metabolic components were examined in the myocardium, coronary arteries, and coronary arterioles of normal, two-week-sympathectomized, and sham-operated canine hearts. There were no differences in the histochemistry of coronary arteries in any of the hearts, but important differences were noted in the myocardium and especially in the arterioles. The reactivities of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the nucleic acids were increased in arterioles of the sympathectomized heart, possibly indicating an increased protein synthesis. The reactivities of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase were reduced in myocardium and arterioles of sympathectomized hearts as well as in arterioles of sham-operated hearts; the changes were greater in the sympathectomized arterioles where there was also observed an increase in reactivity of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings suggest a depression in aerobic metabolic capacity and, in the case of the sympathectomized arteriole, imply a possible shift in adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
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PMID:The myocardium and its vasculature: a histochemical comparison of the normal and chronically sympathectomized dog heart. 615 74

Coronary arteries and arterioles in the left ventricle from the primate Macaca fascicularis were histochemically examined to evaluate their metabolic profiles. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were assessed to evaluate aerobic metabolic capacity, while myosin ATPase activity was determined as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Anaerobic capacity was evaluated from lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen reactivity. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was examined to determine capacity of the hexose-monophosphate-shunt, while the amounts of deoxyribonucleicc and ribonuclei acids were assessed as possible indicators of protein synthesis. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase demonstrated slight reactivity in both coronary arteries and arterioles indicating a low capacity for aerobic metabolism. Myosin ATPase showed strong activity in arteries and even stronger reactivity in arterioles, suggesting that arteriolar smooth muscle is more capable of utilizing ATP. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was extremely low in both arteries and arterioles, while deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids demonstrated only slight to moderate reactivity in both arteries and arterioles, indicating that under normal conditions the coronary vasculature appears quite stable with little cell proliferation.
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PMID:A histochemical evaluation of metabolism in the coronary vasculature of the primate. 617 63

A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. Rat renal arteries and arterioles were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Succinate, malate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ubiquinone were assessed to determine aerobic metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DPN diaphorase were evaluated to determine hexose-monophosphate-shunt activity. Anaerobic metabolism was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase, and the substrate, glycogen. Gomori's lipase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and amounts of neutral fat and free fatty acids were assessed as indicators of lipid utilization. Myosin ATPase activity was evaluated as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids were appraised as indicators of protein synthesis. In general, the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase demonstrate considerable activity in renal arteries and arterioles which suggests aerobic metabolism and ATP usage. Renal arteries and arterioles also appear capable of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by strong lactate dehydrogenase reactivity and by the presence of slight to moderate quantities of glycogen, while high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and moderate amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid suggest a potential for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, minimal lipase activity, and the absence of fatty acids with substantial amounts of neutral fat, indicate limited lipid catabolism.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. 620 11

The effect of prolonged zearalenone administered to growing rats on body and organ weight as well as on muscle fibre composition has been studied. Two muscles, M. longissimus dorsi and M. vastus lateralis, were selected for fibre analyses, and the different fibre types were identified by histochemical staining. Zearalenone caused retarded growth and reduced carcass weight in both sexes. With low daily doses female growth was retarded more than male growth, with higher doses the effect was the opposite. The most evident effects of zearalenone treatment on organ weight were enlargement of the liver in both sexes and of adrenal glands and the spleen in males. No effects were found on heart, kidney, testes or uterus. No significant changes of fibre number or diameter occurred in male rats after prolonged zearalenone feeding. In female rats, however, there was a 40% decrease in the number of alpha R fibres in vastus and a corresponding increase of alpha W fibres. Simultaneously the alpha R fibre size increased with 25%. No significant changes could be found in the activity of two enzymes in vastus, cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as a consequence of the zearalenone treatment.
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PMID:The effect of zearalenone on growth rate, organ weight and muscle fibre composition in growing rats. 621 57

Young rats, fed a low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet for 2 weeks, developed hypocalcemia, an increased activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and an increase in the serum concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. An increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in odontoblasts was found. No shift in the general energy metabolic pathway was found as visualized in the lactate dehydrogenase iso-enzyme pattern. The dominating lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in odontoblasts from both the normal and the deficient rats was LDH 1 (H4, LD5), thus indicating primarily an aerobic energy-metabolism Also the activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and hyaluronidase in the odontoblasts from the deficient animals were increased when compared to the normal animals. No significant change could be demonstrated for beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. It was earlier found that this deficient diet caused an increase in odontoblast alkaline phosphatase activities and protein synthesis in vitro. In view of the present findings it might be concluded that the low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet causes a general increase in the odontoblast metabolism. It is not known whether this is due to the increase in parathyroid hormone or if it is a direct effect of the lowered serum calcium concentration.
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PMID:Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium. IV. Lysosomal and energy metabolic enzymes. 625 18

The effect of chronic treatment (8 months) with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on rat brain was studied. The activity of some enzymes related to energy transduction (lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and malate dehydrogenase; NADH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome oxidase) and neurotransmission (acetylcholine esterase) was evaluated both in the whole brain homogenate and/or in the crude mitochondrial fraction. A clear-cut decrease of acetylcholine esterase activity was observed, the decrease continuing even after treatment was discontinued. Effects on energy metabolism and on lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase are discussed.
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PMID:Acetylcholine esterase sensitivity to chronic administration of diphenylhydantoin and effects on cerebral enzymatic activities related to energy metabolism. 625 94

A considerable increase in activity of the following enzymes: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-hydrogenase (beta-HBDH), cytochrome oxidase (CO), and acid phosphatase (AP) was found in lymph nodes lymphocytes after 1 week of malignant melanoma passage in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus Waterhouse). The peripheral blood lymphocytes displayed, too, an increase in activity of all the enzymes mentioned except beta-HBDH and SDH. After 3 weeks of the melanoma growth, the animals affected showed a considerable decrease in activity of all the enzymes studied both in the lymph nodes and in the peripheral blood. The increase in enzymatic activity during the initial phase of tumour growth may be a manifestation of biological activation of the cellular defence of lymphocytes. On the other hand, the decrease in the activity seen at the advanced phase of the disease speaks for an impaired immune response.
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PMID:Activity of some respiratory and lysosomal enzymes of lymphocytes in golden hamster with induced melanoma. 625 28

The activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, representatives of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and terminal oxidation, respectively, were investigated after necrosis induced with mercuric chloride. 24 hours after the administration of mercuric chloride, the activities of all four enzymes were decreased in the necrotic proximal tubular segments. By the third day of regeneration the activities had decreased or disappeared in all three portions of the necrotic proximal tubules as compared to the 24-hour situation, but they remained constant in the distal tubules; the activity of G6PDH was rather increased. Between the 5th and 12th days the activities gradually increased in the regenerating proximal tubules, while the G6PDH activity of the distal tubules remained elevated, and by the 3rd to 4th week the activities were the same as those in the control animals. Our histochemical results complement the earlier biochemical results of analyses of tissue homogenates localizing the changes of enzyme activity. The histochemical studies suggest that the non-necrotic parts of the nephron contribute to the supplies of energy and substances to the regenerating cell.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of oxidoreductases in rat kidney regenerating after mercuric chloride injury. 626 69


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