Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ginseng polysaccharides (GH1) 50-200 mg/kg ip or sc reduced blood glucose and liver glycogen of mice. Adrenalectomy did not affect this action. GH1 increased the content of pyruvic acid, but decreased the content of lactic acid by weakening the activity of lactate dehydrogenase. GH1 accelerated oxidative-phosphorylation of carbohydrate since the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) were obviously stimulated. Besides the promotion of the activity of SDH in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HELF), GH1 decreased the content of polysaccharides in HELF of the 24th age generation, but increased that of the 40th age generation. On the other hand, GH1 stimulated the release of insulin. It is suggested that the reduction of blood glucose and liver glycogen induced by GH1 be primarily due to the increase of carbohydrate utilization and the decrease of glycogenesis.
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PMID:[Effects of ginseng polysaccharides on reducing blood glucose and liver glycogen]. 196 54

Male rats, aged 17 weeks at the end of experiments, were divided into four groups. Two groups lived in normal cage conditions with or without extra load (20% of the body weight) and two groups were trained by running with or without extra load for 8 weeks. Oxidation rates of succinate, glutamate + malate, palmitoylcarnitine, and pyruvate, and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were measured in homogenates of the right ventricle and in those of the subendocardial and subepicardial layers of the left ventricle. Oxidation rates of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine tended to be higher in the subendocardium than in the subepicardium of sedentary control animals (p less than 0.1 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Transmural differences of succinate and palmitoylcarnitine oxidation rates were even more clear after running training (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively), after carrying extra load (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively) and after training carrying extra load (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Training also enhanced pyruvate oxidation rate in the subendocardium. Oxidation rates of all substrates were lower in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle. In control animals there were no regional differences in the myocardial enzyme activities and the training- or extra-load-induced changes were modest compared with the changes in the oxidation rates. The most significant change was the training-induced enhancement in the lactate dehydrogenase activity of the subendocardium (p less than 0.001 vs subepicardium). These results show greater subendocardial than subepicardial oxidation rates of certain substrates in the normal heart. These results also suggest that the myocardium adapts to increased work by increasing the subendocardial oxidation rate of some but not all substrates, indicating further that there may be qualitative mitochondrial differences in the different regions of the heart.
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PMID:Regional differences of substrate oxidation capacity in rat hearts: effects of extra load and endurance training. 207 98

Histochemical and histoenzymatic features of the adrenal medulla were studied 60 days after the end of an exposure to detergents. The findings obtained, point to an increase in the quantity of nucleic acids, and an intensified activity of nonspecific esterases as well as the cytochrome oxidase in rats maintained in a detergent manufacturing plant. The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase was reduced in the control animals, as well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and isoenzyme "S" lactate dehydrogenase. The activity of isoenzyme "F" lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase is greater in the group which had been exposed to detergent influence. An active engagement of medullocytes is emphasized at this term of the experiment. The agent applied elicits a disturbance in the metabolism of glucose and a number of other substances. The author is of the opinion that an altered and stimulated synthesis and secretion of catecholamines takes place in the adrenal medullocytes under the experimental conditions which were investigated. The neuroendocrine system has been engaged in a series of processes which had been studied.
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PMID:[Histoenzymatic characteristics of the adrenal medulla 60 days after ending exposure to detergents]. 207 70

Isolated vegetative tumour cells from mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma showed low rates of basal respiration with both low oxygen uptake rates and cytochrome-c oxidase activity. The cells were affected by a marked Crabtree effect and a high rate of lactate production in the presence of 10 mM glucose. The glycolytic capacity of the tumour was also assessed through the measurement of the maximum activities for hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. These activities were similar to the ones found in other fast-growing, undifferentiated tumours. The concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in the tumour was 2,3 nmoles/g fresh tissue wt., a value which is of the same order of magnitude as that found in other types of highly glycolytic cells. It is concluded that the Lewis lung carcinoma follows the same pattern as other undifferentiated tumours with a high capacity for both glucose and amino acid utilization.
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PMID:The impairment of respiration by glycolysis in the Lewis lung carcinoma. 215 46

Total and mitochondrial glycerolphosphate acyltransferase activities were measured after 24 hr exposure of rat hepatocytes to Adriamycin. Both activities decreased with increasing concentrations of Adriamycin. The activity of the microsomal glycerolphosphate acyltransferase, which was determined from the difference between the total and mitochondrial enzyme activity, also decreased with increasing drug concentration. The effect on glycerolphosphate acyltransferase was specific as there was no change in lactate dehydrogenase or cytochrome oxidase activity in this time period. Adriamycin did not inhibit mitochondrial glycerolphosphate acyltransferase activity in vitro. After 24 hr exposure of hepatocytes to Adriamycin no change was observed in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine or triacylglycerol. Secretion of lipid into the medium was measured over the subsequent 24 hr. There was a significant reduction in very low density lipoprotein secretion as measured by triacylglycerol secretion from cells incubated with 5 microM Adriamycin. Cells were damaged by the 48 hr exposure to 1 microM and higher concentrations of Adriamycin as evidenced by a fall in lactate dehydrogenase activity in these cells. The secretion of lysophosphatidylcholine, as measured by the incorporation of [3H]glycerol into medium lysophosphatidylcholine, was significantly increased when cells were incubated with 5 microM Adriamycin. The results are discussed in relation to the effect of Adriamycin on hepatic lipid metabolism and the cardiotoxicity of the drug.
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PMID:The effect of adriamycin on glycerolphosphate acyltransferase and lipid metabolism in rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture. 222 13

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indophenol oxidase, aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and aldolase at different stages of rat development was measured. We have also determined changes in the activity of these enzymes resulting from transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue (ENT) into the brain of adult animals. During development from the embryo to the adult animal, LDH and AsAT activities increased, while alkaline phosphatase activity diminished. After ENT transplantation, the most prominent changes were in the alkaline phosphatase activity whereas the activity of LDH, AsAT and acid phosphatase remained unchanged and similar to that in the brain cortex of intact adult animals. Changes in the enzyme activity resulting from ENT transplantation changed in a manner characteristic of the transplant. Local brain damage did not change the activity of the studied enzymes fifty days after surgery.
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PMID:[Changes in the activity of different classes of enzymes in the cerebral cortex of rats in ontogeny and after the transplantation of embryonic nerve tissue]. 223 89

The effect of Ca2+-homopantothenate (HOPA) treatment (250 mg/kg for 5 d) has been studied by evaluating the specific activity of enzymes related to: glycolytic pathway (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase), tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase), mitochondrial electron transfer chain (succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase), NADH redox state (NADH cytochrome c reductase), acetylcholine metabolism (acetylcholinesterase), and glutamate metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase). The enzymatic activity assays were performed on homogenate in toto, nonsynaptic mitochondria and synaptosomes isolated from: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum of normoxic rats and rats submitted to intermittent normobaric hypoxia (90:10, N2:O2). In normoxic rats, HOPA was unable to induce any modification. Hypoxia per se induced a decrease in the activity of synaptosomal cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
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PMID:Effect of Ca2+-homopantothenate and mild hypoxia on some enzyme activities evaluated in subcellular fractions from different rat brain regions. 254 16

We report a quantitative cytochemical study on cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities on rabbit epididymal spermatozoa during spontaneous lipid peroxidation. Our data show that during aerobic incubation both in NTP and KTP media the sperm cytochrome oxidase activity undergoes a significant decrease. The lactate dehydrogenase activity shows different cytochemical patterns in comparison between the two media considered. Such activity significantly increases in rabbit spermatozoa suspended in NTP medium from the first until the sixteenth hour of incubation time. At the following times the lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly declines showing yet until the later times of incubation integrated optical density values fairly high. During the whole period of the aerobic incubation, the spermatozoa suspended in medium KTP show lactate dehydrogenase integrated optical density values which not significantly differ from those of the control in spite of an initial enhancement from the first until the thirteenth hour of the experimental treatment.
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PMID:Cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in peroxidized rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. 254 15

Regional variations in capillary density, glucose utilization rate, and activities of the glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase were compared in the rat brain. The distributions of capillaries and enzymes were studied by means of histochemical staining techniques, and glucose metabolism was measured by means of [14C]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. Analysis of 18 gray and five white matter regions revealed a positive correlation between capillary density and glucose utilization rate. A negative correlation was found between capillary density and lactate dehydrogenase among gray matter structures. Analysis of capillaries and enzymes was also performed within laminated histological fields: hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and olfactory cortex. In general, this revealed reciprocal patterns of staining for lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase. Capillary density paralleled cytochrome oxidase activity. The zones of intense staining for lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase corresponded to the synaptic terminal fields of different input pathways. These findings demonstrate distinct distributions of a glycolytic and an oxidative enzyme within the brain which are at least partly associated with pathway specificity.
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PMID:Metabolic anatomy of brain: a comparison of regional capillary density, glucose metabolism, and enzyme activities. 255 35

1. The activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK), citrate synthetase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACDH) and cytochrome-c oxidase(Cyt-ox) in the calf muscle tissue were compared in subjects with intermittent claudication (n = 38) and controls (n = 20). The activities of CS, ACDH and Cyt-ox were increased and the activity of Cytox was positively correlated to the maximal walking distance (MWD) in the patients. 2. Thirty-three patients with intermittent claudication were randomized to three treatment groups: (1) operative surgery, (2) operative surgery supplemented with physical training and (3) physical training alone. Before and after 6-12 months of treatment, symptom-free walking distance (SFWD), MWD, ankle-brachial blood pressure quotient (ankle index), maximal plethysmographic calf blood flow (MPBF) and the activities of PFK, CS, LDH, ACDH and Cyt-ox were measured. 3. SFWD and MWD increased in all three groups. Ankle index and MPBF increased in groups 1 and 2, but were unchanged in group 3. The activities of Cyt-ox and CS decreased with operation, but the activity of Cyt-ox was further augmented with training in group 3. Overall, the change in ankle index explained 80-90% of the variability in walking performance. In a separate analysis, the increased activity of Cyt-ox in group 3 was positively correlated to, and explained 31% of the variability in, the improvement in SFWD. 4. These findings indicate that both physical activity and a reduced calf blood flow are necessary conditions for the enzymatic adaptation to take place. A causal relationship between metabolic adaptation in the muscle tissue and walking performance is suggested.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Muscle enzyme adaptation in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency: spontaneous adaptation, effect of different treatments and consequences on walking performance. 255 5


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