Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mRNAs of the nuclear encoded genes, ornithine decarboxylase (ODCase) and poly(ADP)ribose polymerase (PADPRP), and the mitochondrial encoded genes, cytochrome oxidase I and II (COI and COII) and ATPase 6, are differentially expressed during spermatogenesis (Alcivar et al., 1989: Biol Reprod 41:1133; 1989: Dev Biol 135:263; 1991: Biol Reprod 46:201). In this study, we use Northern blotting to examine the steady state levels of ODCase, PADPRP, COI, COII, and ATPase 6 mRNAs in testes of hypophysectomized male rats following testosterone administration. Four weeks after hypophysectomy, rats received 24 cm subcutaneous implants of testosterone-filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDS) and were killed at 3, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days thereafter. After hypophysectomy, the steady state levels for the PADPRP, COI, COII, and ATPase 6 mRNAs were not significantly different from controls, although hypophysectomy caused a 44% loss of preleptotene spermatocytes and an 88% loss of pachytene spermatocytes, the testicular cell types expressing the highest levels of these mRNAs. In contrast, the levels of the two ODCase mRNAs were greatly decreased after hypophysectomy and mirrored the number of germinal cells present in the testis. After testosterone treatment, ODCase mRNA levels remained low 3 days after treatment and gradually increased at days 14, 28, and 56. No major hybridization signal changes in PADPRP, COI, COII, and ATPase mRNA were observed after testosterone treatment. We conclude that the steady state mRNA levels for the housekeeping ODCase gene respond differently after hypophysectomy and testosterone treatment of male rats than the PADPRP and mitochondrial DNA transcripts.
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PMID:Differential expression of ornithine decarboxylase, poly(ADP)ribose polymerase, and mitochondrial mRNAs following testosterone administration to hypophysectomized rats. 886 40

In accordance with Recommendation 30b of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, minimal standards are proposed for the genus Staphylococcus and the description of newly recognized species in this genus. Assignment of a strain to the genus Staphylococcus requires that it is a Gram-positive coccus that forms clusters, produces catalase, has an appropriate cell wall structure (including peptidoglycan type and teichoic acid presence) and G + C content of DNA in a range of 30-40 mol%. The recommended minimal standards for describing a new Staphylococcus species are based on the results of phenotypic and genomic studies of at least five independently isolated strains. They include colony morphology and the results of the following conventional tests: pigment production, growth requirements, fermentative and oxidative activity on carbohydrates, novobiocin susceptibility, enzymic activities (nitrate reductase, alkaline phosphatase, arginine dihydrolase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, cytochrome oxidase, staphylocoagulase in rabbit plasma, heat-stable nuclease, amidases, oxidases, clumping factor, and haemolytic activity on sheep or bovine blood agar). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments may distinguish species when the difference between the binding in the homologous reaction and the binding in the heterologous reaction expressed as a percentage is less than 70%. In addition, rRNA signature sequence criteria, ribotyping characterization of the nomenclature type strain and other strains of the species, and reference strains of other species is recommended to describe the strains of the new species with sets of genetic attributes and reveal possible grouping errors. This proposal has been endorsed by the members of the Subcommittee on the taxonomy of staphylococci and streptococci of the international Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
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PMID:Recommended minimal standards for description of new staphylococcal species. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of staphylococci and streptococci of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. 1031 69

We proposed that a group of genes whose expression is enhanced by polyamines at the level of translation in Escherichia coli and mammalian cells be referred to as a "polyamine modulon". In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, proteins whose synthesis is enhanced by polyamines at the level of translation were searched for using a polyamine-requiring mutant of S. cerevisiae deficient in ornithine decarboxylase (YPH499 Deltaspe1). Addition of spermidine to the medium recovered the spermidine content and enhanced cell growth of the YPH499 Deltaspe1 mutant by 3-5-fold. Under these conditions, synthesis of COX4, one of the subunits of cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV), was enhanced by polyamines about 2.5-fold at the level of translation. Accordingly, the COX4 gene is the first member of a polyamine modulon in yeast. Polyamines enhanced COX4 synthesis through stimulation of the ribosome shunting of the stem-loop structures (hairpin structures) during the scanning of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of COX4 mRNA by 40S ribosomal subunit-Met-tRNA(i) complex.
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PMID:Polyamine modulon in yeast-Stimulation of COX4 synthesis by spermidine at the level of translation. 1969 41

Pathogenic properties of the natural isolate of Shewanella algae from the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) were investigated. The isolate had oxydative metabolism, was positive for ornithine decarboxylase, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, DNase and gelatinase, hemolytically active, did not produce acid from carbohydrates, and did not hydrolyze urea and esculin. The strain was resistant to penicillin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin and susceptible to tetracycline and carbenicillin. Among cellular fatty acids, 13:0-i, 15:0-i, 16:0, 16:1(n-7), 17:0-i, and 17:0-ai dominated. These biochemical properties made it possible to attribute the isolated bacteria to the genus Shewanella and identified as S. algae. The cells of this bacterium were introduced into the coelomic cavity of another echinoderm, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. As a result, in about 24h the animals became slow and 3-8days after the inoculation died. Dividing bacteria were being found during the experiment in the coelomic fluid as well as in the phagosomes of amoebocytes, i.e. cells acting as phagocytes in the coelomic fluid. The studies of the invasive properties of strain 156 showed that bacterial cells entered the subcuticular space of S. nudus and A. japonicus through the cuticle and stayed there for a long time without penetrating epithelium and exerting toxic effect upon the organisms of the laboratory animals. Pathogenic effect of S. algae can be manifested only if the cutaneous epithelium is destroyed permitting it to penetrate the lower tissue layers. The toxicity of S. algae is confirmed by in vitro experiments. The inoculation of the embryonic cells of S. nudus with samples of this bacterium caused the death of 10% of cells within an hour and 100% of cells within 12h after inoculation. The results of the investigations demonstrate that S. algae could produce opportunistic infection in the sea cucumber A. japonicus and the sea urchin S. nudus, which may be natural reservoirs of this human pathogen.
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PMID:Biochemical and pathogenic properties of the natural isolate of Shewanella algae from Peter the great bay, sea of Japan. 1974 21