Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunostimulants are widely used in aquaculture, but there are few reports on the genes that are expressed by their stimulation. Therefore, in this study, expressed genes in the kidney of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus injected with the immunostimulant peptidoglycan were analysed. The results of single-pass sequencing of ESTs from 198 clones (AU090255-AU090451, AU090935) from kidney cDNA are presented. Sequences of the cDNA clones were compared with sequences in the GenBank database. One hundred and six clones (53.5%) appeared to be completely unknown and are likely to represent newly described genes, whereas 92 clones (46.5%) were identified based on matches to sequences in the database. The results contain the genes such as alpha globin (AU090287), several ribosomal proteins (AU090-263, 274, 299, 351, 365, 375, 377, 382, 434, 445), heat shock protein 90 (AU090374) and cytochrome oxidase subunit (AU090385). Immune related cDNAs identified from the kidney were immunoglobulin heavy (AU090291) and light chain (AU090352), beta2-microglobulin (AU090280), macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha precursor (AU090535), thymosin beta-10 (AU090391), lysozyme (AU090322) and MHC class IIalpha (AU090435). It is possible that expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha results in macrophage activation as a consequence of peptidoglycan treatment.
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PMID:The analysis of expressed genes in the kidney of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, injected with the immunostimulant peptidoglycan. 1141 22

Nitric oxide (NO) is known to regulate mitochondrial respiration, especially during metabolic stress and disease, by nitrosation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes (irreversible) and by a competitive binding at O2 binding site of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) in complex IV (reversible). In this study, by using bovine aortic endothelial cells, we demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of endogenously generated NO by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation, by either NOS stimulators or association with heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), is significant only at high prevailing pO2 through nitrosation of mitochondrial ETC complexes, but it does not inhibit the respiration by competitive binding at CcO at very low pO2. ETC complexes activity measurements confirmed that significant reduction in complex IV activity was noticed at higher pO2, but it was unaffected at low pO2 in these cells. This was further extended to heat-shocked cells, where NOS was activated by the induction/activation of (Hsp90) through heat shock at an elevated temperature of 42 degrees C. From these results, we conclude that the entire attenuation of respiration by endogenous NO is due to irreversible inhibition by nitrosation of ETC complexes but not through reversible inhibition by competing with O2 binding at CcO at complex IV.
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PMID:Activation of Hsp90/NOS and increased NO generation does not impair mitochondrial respiratory chain by competitive binding at cytochrome c oxidase in low oxygen concentrations. 1941 60

In the summer of 2016, a field of corn (Zea mays) in Spencer County, Indiana was observed with heavily stunted plants, and from the affected roots a large number of cysts were recovered. Soil samples were submitted to one of us (JF), who extracted the nematode cysts and sent them to the USDA-ARS, Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory (MNGDBL), Beltsville, MD for morphological and molecular identification. Cysts and the recovered second-stage juveniles (J2) that were examined morphologically conformed to the measurements of Vittatidera zeaphila, the goose cyst nematode originally described from Tennessee, USA in 2010. The molecular analysis of J2 showed the sample from Spencer County matched exactly with V. zeaphila according to ribosomal DNA markers ITS, 28S, and 18S, and with mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI). The nuclear marker heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was also analyzed for the first time from the Indiana population of V. zeaphila. Similarities to existing cyst nematode sequences are reported herein. Geographically, although the county is across the Ohio River from Kentucky, the previously reported Hickman County, Kentucky location and Indiana detection are approximately 200 miles apart. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of V. zeaphila in Indiana.
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PMID:Characterization of Vittatidera zeaphila (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Indiana with molecular phylogenetic analysis of the genus. 3222 49