Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was carried out to elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanism of cerebral hyperemia observed during the early phase of bacterial meningitis. We tested the hypothesis that microbial invasion through the blood-brain barrier is responsible for cerebral vasodilation and hyperemia in meningitis. Escherichia coli was given either intravenously (i.v.) or intracisternally (i.c.) to closely mimic the primary or secondary bacterial invasion occurring in meningitis and newborn piglets were grouped according to their invasion results (+ or -); 12 in the i.v. (+) group, 14 in the i.v. (-) group, 13 in the i.c. (+) group, 15 in the i.c. (-) group. The results were compared with eight animals in the control group. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to monitor changes in total hemoglobin (HbT), oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb), deduced hemoglobin (HbD), and oxidized cytochrome aa3 (Cyt aa3). HbT, as an index of cerebral blood volume, increased progressively in both i.v. (+) and i.v. (-) groups and became significantly different from control and baseline values at 2 h. Hb significantly increased only in i.v. (+) group. HbD, as an index of cerebral blood flow, decreased significantly in i.v. (+), i.v.(-) and i.c. (-) groups and this change was mitigated in i.c. (+) group, HbO was reduced in i.c. (-) group and this decrease was attenuated in i.c. (+) group. Increased Cyt aa3 was observed in all experimental groups after bacterial inoculation. Changes in ICP, blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, blood or CSF glucose or lactate, CSF TNF-alpha level, or CSF leukocytes number were not associated with changes in NIRS findings. These findings suggest that primary or secondary bacterial invasion across the blood-brain barrier is primarily responsible for cerebral vasodilation and hyperemia observed during the early phase of bacterial meningitis.
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PMID:Effects of microbial invasion on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation monitored by near infrared spectroscopy in experimental Escherichia coli meningitis in the newborn piglet. 1040 12

The concentrations of manganese, copper, and zinc in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and patients with no known neurological disease (control group) were measured. Manganese and copper levels were determined by two different analytical methods: atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and high-resolution inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), whereas zinc levels were determined by HR-ICP-MS only. Manganese levels (mean+/-SEM) were significantly decreased in the CSF of MS patients (1.07+/-0.13 microg/L, ICP-MS; 1.08+/-0.11 microg/L, AAS) compared to the levels in the control group (1.78+/-0.26 microg/L, ICP-MS; 1.51+/-0.17 microg/L, AAS). Copper levels were significantly elevated in the CSF of MS patients (10.90+/-1.11 microg/L; ICP-MS, 11.53+/-0.83 microg/L, AAS) compared to the levels in the control group (8.67+/-0.49 microg/L, ICP-MS; 9.10+/-0.62 microg/L, AAS). There were no significant differences between the CSF zinc levels of MS and control patients. The physiological basis for the differences in manganese and copper concentrations between MS patients and controls is unknown, but could be related to alterations in the manganese- containing enzyme glutamine synthetase and the copper-containing enzyme cytochrome oxidase.
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PMID:Manganese, copper, and zinc in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. 1283 84