Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The genetic differences between praziquantel-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) strains of Schistosoma mansoni (Fallon & Doenhoff, 1994) were explored using RAPD and by cloning differentially expressed mRNAs by subtractive PCR. No differences between the 2 strains were detectable by RAPD using 41 different primers indicating that no major genomic rearrangements were present. Subtractive PCR generated a number of fragments, 1 of which was shown to correspond to an over-expressed mRNA in the R strain and to encode a fragment of the subunit 1 of cytochrome-c oxidase (SCOX1). In the absence of a complete sequence for this gene, we used EST sequences to compile a consensus sequence for the 904 bp at the 3' end that enabled us to choose primers for semi-quantitative RT-PCR. This technique showed that SCOX1 was indeed over-expressed about 5 to 10-fold in the R strain whereas the genes encoding the 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 and the ATP-binding cassette family protein SMDR2 were not. In contrast, cytochrome-c oxidase enzyme activity was 4-fold lower in the R strain than in the S strain.
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PMID:Alterations in cytochrome-c oxidase expression between praziquantel-resistant and susceptible strains of Schistosoma mansoni. 969 1

Mussels are among the most studied marine organisms because of their ecological role, economic importance and long-standing use in coastal pollution biomonitoring. Despite the bulk of data derived from traditional investigation areas, only limited knowledge is available on mussel genes and their expression in ordinary or stressing conditions. We present here the first data obtained by production and sequencing of 3' end-specific expressed sequence tags (3'ESTs) from multiple tissues of putatively unstressed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). A total of 524 clusters (98 virtual consensuses and 426 singletons) derived from 829 reliable 3'ESTs were searched in the non-redundant (nr) sequence databases (National Centre for Biotechnology Information (Bethesda, USA), NCBI). Most contigs (59%) showed poor or no similarity, thus revealing unknown mussel genes, other contigs recognized some of the few available records of M. galloprovincialis (e.g. actin, cytochrome oxidase III and twitchin) and a number of significant similarities with mitochondrial (mt) or nuclear genes from other organisms were found. Actually, a variety of ribosomal as well as motility- and adhesion-related genes and some genes potentially involved in stress responses (e.g. myticin A, heat shock proteins, methallothionein) were putatively identified. Uniquely, mitochondrial transcripts were primarily represented by a cluster of 123 3'ESTs (1296 base pairs (bp) of the mussel 16S rRNA). In our knowledge, these results provide the first systematic production and annotation of ESTs in M. galloprovincialis. They also represent the first report of a wider project, based on the strategy of 3'EST identification from normal and stressed mussels and intended to define a mussel complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray for genome-wide transcription studies.
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PMID:Towards a catalogue of genes transcribed in multiple tissues of Mytilus galloprovincialis. 1452 15

Gene expression changes in the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic rats were not fully assessed, which were not previously known to be associated with hypercholesterolemia-related erectile dysfunction (ED). To provide molecular insight into pathophysiology of hypercholesterolemia-related ED and to investigate the effects of Udenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on gene expression, we performed microarray gene expression analysis via gene discovery methods using GenoCheck platinum cDNA chip (Ansan, S. Korea). Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 2% cholesterol diet for 5 months. Half of them were orally treated with Udenafil (20 mg/kg/day) simultaneously. Eight age-matched rats fed normal diet were served as normal control. RNA was extracted from corpus cavernosum and microarray analysis was performed. Decreased erectile responses and hypercholesterolemia were observed in hypercholesterolemic control group. In microarray analysis, 122 candidate genes were noted to be altered based on the magnitude of expression changes, which includes 44 down-regulated and 78 up-regulated genes compared with the age-matched normal controls. These changes were, however, significantly attenuated by treatment with Udenafil. Out of the 78 up-regulated genes, 8 genes were significantly decreased by the chronic treatment with Udenafil. The altered genes were cytochrome oxidase biogenesis protein OXA1, skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, lipophilin, fast skeletal muscle isoforms beta/alpha, myosin light chain 3, cytochrome c oxidase, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and one EST gene. In contrast, among the 44 down-regulated genes, Kruppel-like factor 5 and cyclin D1 genes were increased after the Udenafil treatment. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia-related ED and offer clues on determining the underlying action mechanism of a PDE5 inhibitor.
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PMID:Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic rats after chronic treatment with PDE5 inhibitor. 1713 5

An unusual variant of Meloidogyne arenaria was discovered on roots of a traveler's tree (Ravenala madagascariensis) intended for display at a public arboretum in Pennsylvania. The population aroused curiosity by the lack of visible galling on the roots of the infected plant, and the female vulval region was typically surrounded by egg sacs. Most morphometrics of the population fit within the ranges reported for M. arenaria, with a mosaic of features in common with either M. platani or other tropical Meloidogyne spp. Molecular characterization included analysis of four loci. The mitochondrial sequence, extending from cytochrome oxidase II (COII) to the 16S (1RNA) gene, was nearly identical to another M. arenaria population and closely related to sequences from M. morocciensis and M. thailandica. The 28S D2-D3 expansion segment was most similar to those from M. arenaria, M. incognita and M. paranaensis, and the IGS-2 was most related to those from M. thailandica, M. arenaria and M. incognita. Analysis of partial Hsp90 genomic sequences revealed the greatest similarity to M. arenaria, M. thailandica and an Hsp90 haplotype from M. floridensis, and a composite sequence comprised of EST from M. arenaria. No morphological or molecular features clearly distinguished this population as a new species, and, when considered as a whole, the evidence points to its identification as M. arenaria.
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PMID:Molecular and Morphological Characterization of an Unusual Meloidogyne arenaria Population from Traveler's Tree, Ravenala madagascariensis. 1944 Feb 57

Relationships among worldwide collections of Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid) were analyzed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) haplotypes from novel primers. Sequences were produced from PCR amplicons of an 821bp portion of the mtCOI gene using D. citri specific primers, derived from an existing EST library. An alignment was constructed using 612bps of this fragment and consisted of 212 individuals from 52 collections representing 15 countries. There were a total of eight polymorphic sites that separated the sequences into eight different haplotypes (Dcit-1 through Dcit-8). Phylogenetic network analysis using the statistical parsimony software, TCS, suggests two major haplotype groups with preliminary geographic bias between southwestern Asia (SWA) and southeastern Asia (SEA). The recent (within the last 15 to 25 years) invasion into the New World originated from only the SWA group in the northern hemisphere (USA and Mexico) and from both the SEA and SWA groups in the southern hemisphere (Brazil). In only one case, Reunion Island, did haplotypes from both the SEA and SWA group appear in the same location. In Brazil, both groups were present, but in separate locations. The Dcit-1 SWA haplotype was the most frequently encountered, including ~50% of the countries sampled and 87% of the total sequences obtained from India, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The second most frequently encountered haplotype, Dcit-2, the basis of the SEA group, represented ~50% of the countries and contained most of the sequences from Southeast Asia and China. Interestingly, only the Caribbean collections (Puerto Rico and Guadeloupe) represented a unique haplotype not found in other countries, indicating no relationship between the USA (Florida) and Caribbean introductions. There is no evidence for cryptic speciation for D. citri based on the COI region included in this study.
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PMID:Overview of worldwide diversity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 haplotypes: two Old World lineages and a New World invasion. 2271 59