Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Subepicardial and subendocardial arteries and arterioles in both the left and right normal canine ventricle were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Aerobic metabolic capacity was assessed by determining the reactivities of the enzymes cytochrome oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was examined to assess activity of the hexose-monophosphate-shunt. The substrate glycogen was determined as an evaluation of anaerobic metabolic capacity, while the amounts of deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acid were assessed as an indication of protein synthesis. Results of the present investigation indicate that despite known hemodynamic differences, the metabolic profile of the coronary vasculature is similar in all regions of ventricular myocardium. Reactivities of the enzymes succinate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase are greater in smooth muscle of arterioles than in arteries. This suggests that arteriolar smooth muscle has a higher capacity for aerobic metabolism than does arterial smooth muscle. The greater reactivity of glycogen in arterial, than in arteriolar smooth muscle, suggests that arterial muscle is more adapted for anaerobic metabolism. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids demonstrate a low reactivity in both arteries and arterioles from all regions of ventricular myocardium which conforms to the opinion that under normal conditions, coronary vasculature is quite stable with little cell proliferation. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows little reactivity in all myocardial vessels with implies a low capacity for nucleic acid and protein synthesis.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the microvasculature in the left and right cardiac ventricles of the dog. 21 88

The goal was to describe the metabolic profile of ganglionic and cortical arteries and arterioles in aging normotensive male rats. Five enzymes indicative of key metabolic pathways in the vessel walls were semiquantitatively evaluated using bright-field histochemical microscopy. Lactate dehydrogenase showed significant reactivity which increased with vessel diameter in cortical and ganglionic vessels in all age groups tested. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase showed little reactivity in both cortical and ganglionic vessels, suggesting a reduced role for aerobic metabolic pathways. Myosin ATPase reactivity was high in cortical and ganglionic vessels. Only this enzyme showed an increased reactivity that was correlated with the age and diameter of the vessel. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactivity was more pronounced in cortical than ganglionic vessels, suggesting that the hexose-monophosphate-shunt may be more active in the cortical vessels. There were no regional differences in enzyme reactivity throughout the caudatoputamen. In conclusion, both the cortical and ganglionic vessels are metabolically active, with significant anaerobic glycolysis, and reduced, but observable capacity for aerobic metabolism. The decreased myosin ATPase reactivity and the low level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reactivity in the ganglionic arterioles of senescent rats may contribute to the susceptibility of these vessels to cerebrovascular accidents.
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PMID:A histochemical study of cerebral cortical vessels and ganglionic vessels of the caudatoputamen in aging normotensive rats. 315 35

Coronary arteries and arterioles in the left ventricle from the primate Macaca fascicularis were histochemically examined to evaluate their metabolic profiles. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activities were assessed to evaluate aerobic metabolic capacity, while myosin ATPase activity was determined as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Anaerobic capacity was evaluated from lactate dehydrogenase and glycogen reactivity. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was examined to determine capacity of the hexose-monophosphate-shunt, while the amounts of deoxyribonucleicc and ribonuclei acids were assessed as possible indicators of protein synthesis. Succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase demonstrated slight reactivity in both coronary arteries and arterioles indicating a low capacity for aerobic metabolism. Myosin ATPase showed strong activity in arteries and even stronger reactivity in arterioles, suggesting that arteriolar smooth muscle is more capable of utilizing ATP. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was extremely low in both arteries and arterioles, while deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids demonstrated only slight to moderate reactivity in both arteries and arterioles, indicating that under normal conditions the coronary vasculature appears quite stable with little cell proliferation.
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PMID:A histochemical evaluation of metabolism in the coronary vasculature of the primate. 617 63

A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. Rat renal arteries and arterioles were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Succinate, malate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ubiquinone were assessed to determine aerobic metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DPN diaphorase were evaluated to determine hexose-monophosphate-shunt activity. Anaerobic metabolism was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase, and the substrate, glycogen. Gomori's lipase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and amounts of neutral fat and free fatty acids were assessed as indicators of lipid utilization. Myosin ATPase activity was evaluated as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids were appraised as indicators of protein synthesis. In general, the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase demonstrate considerable activity in renal arteries and arterioles which suggests aerobic metabolism and ATP usage. Renal arteries and arterioles also appear capable of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by strong lactate dehydrogenase reactivity and by the presence of slight to moderate quantities of glycogen, while high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and moderate amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid suggest a potential for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, minimal lipase activity, and the absence of fatty acids with substantial amounts of neutral fat, indicate limited lipid catabolism.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. 620 11

Channel catfish were collected on 11 different dates from October 1991 to July 1993 and acclimated in the laboratory to 7 degrees C, 15 degrees C, or 25 degrees C for 6 wk. Hepatosomatic index, mg protein mg-1 DNA, total liver DNA and protein, and the activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were measured to examine seasonal variation in the acclimation response. Liver and muscle cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were measured to compare tissue-specific responses. Hepatosomatic indexes of fall and winter channel catfish were highest at 7 degrees C, with values at 15 degrees C higher than at 25 degrees C, while spring and summer fish had the highest values at 15 degrees C, with values at 7 degrees C higher than those at 25 degrees C. Acclimation patterns for total liver protein and DNA, mg protein mg-1 DNA, and glycogen were generally higher in cold temperatures but varied seasonally in an unpredictable manner. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase demonstrated positive acclimation in the fall and winter; fish collected in the spring and summer showed little or inverse acclimation. Liver lactate dehydrogenase activity showed little or no positive compensation at any time of the year. Cytochrome oxidase activity showed positive acclimation in muscle but not liver. All liver enzymes, even those that showed marginal acclimation on a protein basis, showed positive acclimation when activity was expressed on a whole-liver basis.
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PMID:Seasonal variations in the temperature acclimation response of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. 923 74