Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using histochemical techniques, the reactivities of selected enzymes and other metabolic components were examined in the myocardium, coronary arteries, and coronary arterioles of normal, two-week-sympathectomized, and sham-operated canine hearts. There were no differences in the histochemistry of coronary arteries in any of the hearts, but important differences were noted in the myocardium and especially in the arterioles. The reactivities of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the nucleic acids were increased in arterioles of the sympathectomized heart, possibly indicating an increased protein synthesis. The reactivities of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome oxidase were reduced in myocardium and arterioles of sympathectomized hearts as well as in arterioles of sham-operated hearts; the changes were greater in the sympathectomized arterioles where there was also observed an increase in reactivity of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings suggest a depression in aerobic metabolic capacity and, in the case of the sympathectomized arteriole, imply a possible shift in adaptation from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
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PMID:The myocardium and its vasculature: a histochemical comparison of the normal and chronically sympathectomized dog heart. 615 74

A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. Rat renal arteries and arterioles were examined histochemically to determine their metabolic profiles. Succinate, malate and NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and ubiquinone were assessed to determine aerobic metabolism. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and DPN diaphorase were evaluated to determine hexose-monophosphate-shunt activity. Anaerobic metabolism was evaluated via lactate dehydrogenase, and the substrate, glycogen. Gomori's lipase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and amounts of neutral fat and free fatty acids were assessed as indicators of lipid utilization. Myosin ATPase activity was evaluated as an index of ATP utilization for contraction. Deoxyribonucleic and ribonucleic acids were appraised as indicators of protein synthesis. In general, the oxidative enzymes and myosin ATPase demonstrate considerable activity in renal arteries and arterioles which suggests aerobic metabolism and ATP usage. Renal arteries and arterioles also appear capable of anaerobic metabolism as indicated by strong lactate dehydrogenase reactivity and by the presence of slight to moderate quantities of glycogen, while high levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and moderate amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid suggest a potential for beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, minimal lipase activity, and the absence of fatty acids with substantial amounts of neutral fat, indicate limited lipid catabolism.
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PMID:A histochemical study of the metabolism of rat renal arteries and arterioles. 620 11

The activities of succinic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase, representatives of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and terminal oxidation, respectively, were investigated after necrosis induced with mercuric chloride. 24 hours after the administration of mercuric chloride, the activities of all four enzymes were decreased in the necrotic proximal tubular segments. By the third day of regeneration the activities had decreased or disappeared in all three portions of the necrotic proximal tubules as compared to the 24-hour situation, but they remained constant in the distal tubules; the activity of G6PDH was rather increased. Between the 5th and 12th days the activities gradually increased in the regenerating proximal tubules, while the G6PDH activity of the distal tubules remained elevated, and by the 3rd to 4th week the activities were the same as those in the control animals. Our histochemical results complement the earlier biochemical results of analyses of tissue homogenates localizing the changes of enzyme activity. The histochemical studies suggest that the non-necrotic parts of the nephron contribute to the supplies of energy and substances to the regenerating cell.
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PMID:Histochemical studies of oxidoreductases in rat kidney regenerating after mercuric chloride injury. 626 69

ATP-dependent calcium sequestration was previously localized in vesicles of mitotic apparatus isolated from sea urchins. We now demonstrate that the mitotic apparatus contains an ATP-regenerative system characterized as creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2). Mitotic apparatus isolated with vesicles intact converted ADP to ATP if phosphocreatine was present. Omission of ADP or phosphocreatine gave negligible ATP. When mitotic apparatus were washed with detergent-containing buffer to remove vesicles, their ability to produce ATP from ADP and phosphocreatine was reduced. Assays of creatine kinase activity using NADP+:glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase indicated that 70% of the creatine kinase activity was extractable with 0.5% Triton X-100. The insoluble residue containing the skeleton of the mitotic apparatus had the rest of the activity. Experiments with a luciferin/luciferase assay showed that Triton removed above 82% of the activity. Preparations of intact mitotic apparatus were free of cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) activity and therefore free of mitochondria. About 10(8) mitotic apparatus (total volume about 1 liter) could produce 17 mmol of ATP/min when substrates were not limiting. The creatine kinase enzyme activity described herein and the previously described membrane vesicular calcium sequestration system are nonmitochondrial, integral constituents of the sea urchin mitotic apparatus.
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PMID:Identification of nonmitochondrial creatine kinase enzymatic activity in isolated sea urchin mitotic apparatus. 631 91

In porcine interareolar placental epithelia, the following enzymes were demonstrated by histochemical methods after 30, 58, 80, 100, and 110 d of pregnancy, respectively: beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, nonspecific esterases, cytochrome oxidase, 5-nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, adenosine triphosphatase, diaphorases (NADH, NADPH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD-glycero-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD, NADP), lactate dehydrogenase. The results show that most of the enzyme activities remained almost unchanged during the period of investigation. Only G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH activities increased within the uterine epithelium and nonspecific esterase activity within uterine as well as chorionic epithelia during the 2nd half of pregnancy. Within chorionic and uterine epithelia, hydrolases but not dehydrogenases demonstrated a higher activity at the bases of chorionic villi as compared to the apices and flanks of the latter. The action and influence of the demonstrated enzymes on metabolism, energy transfer, secretory, and resorptive activities of chorionic and uterine epithelia are discussed.
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PMID:[Enzyme histochemical studies of the swine placenta. Histoptics of enzymes in interareolar placental epithelia]. 643 35

This study was conducted in an attempt to characterize some of the effects of sublethal microwave radiation on cells of Staphylococcus aureus. Cultures were exposed to microwave radiation for 10, 20, 30, and 40 s. The effects of a conventional heat treatment were also compared by placing flasks containing cultures in a boiling water bath for the amount of time required to reach temperatures equivalent to those found in cultures exposed to microwave radiation. Control, microwave-treated, and conventionally heat-treated cultures were centrifuged, pellets were resuspended in distilled water, and the resulting suspensions were passed through a French pressure cell. Cell lysates and walls were then isolated and assayed for enzymatic activity. Thermonuclease production was also determined at various levels of exposure of cells to microwave radiation. Activities of malate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenases, cytochrome oxidase, and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphatase were higher in microwave-treated cells than in control cells. Membrane adenosine triphosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities were unaffected when cells were exposed to microwave radiation. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was decreased by exposure of cells to microwave radiation. In conventionally heated cells, activities of glucose-6-phosphate and malate dehydrogenases and cytoplasmic adenosine triphosphatase increased activities of alpha-ketoglutarate and lactate dehydrogenases decreased, and alkaline phosphatase activity remained unaffected. Increased levels of thermonuclease activity were observed when cells were exposed to microwave radiation for 10 or 20 s. Data indicate that microwave radiation affects S. aureus in a manner which cannot be explained solely by thermal effects.
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PMID:Comparison of effects of sublethal microwave radiation and conventional heating on the metabolic activity of Staphylococcus aureus. 644 4

Rats exposed to 10 to 11 per cent oxygen for 7 days develop tolerance to hyperoxia and can survive for prolonged periods in 100 per cent oxygen. This preexposure to hypoxia is associated with a 180 per cent increase in the activity of the mangani superoxide dismutase but no increase in activity of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or the mitochondrial enzymes, cytochrome oxidase and succinate cytochrome c reductase. Cyanide-insensitive oxygen uptake is also increased after this exposure to hypoxia suggesting that an enhanced rate of production of partially reduced species of oxygen may occur. Morphometric and morphologic studies of lung structure demonstrate that no substantial change in cell population characteristics occur in the lungs of animals exposed to hypoxia, but there are ultrastructure changes in the cytoplasm of pulmonary capillary endothelial cells consistent with focal hypertrophy and enhanced metabolic activity of these cells.
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PMID:Structural and biochemical adaptive changes in rat lungs after exposure to hypoxia. 682 93

It has been suggested that along the female genital tract spontaneous lipid peroxidation regulates the limit of the lifetime of spermatozoa. We have studied some aspects of rabbit and mouse spermatozoal metabolism during spontaneous lipid peroxidation in the course of the incubation in media which simulate the oviductal environment. The spermatozoa collected at regular intervals after the beginning of incubation were processed for cytochemical detection of cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. Quantitative cytochemical assays were made in situ in individual spermatozoa by microdensitometry. The cytochrome oxidase activity significantly decreased in both species because of damage to mitochondrial enzymes and membranes by radical and non-radical products of lipid peroxidation. The change in lactate dehydrogenase activity indicates that under our experimental conditions the lipid peroxidation process damages membrane permeability more markedly in mouse spermatozoa. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, which should influence the concentration of reduced glutathione through production of NADPH, is more extensively enhanced in mouse spermatozoa than in rabbit spermatozoa. This is in agreement with the fact that in mouse spermatozoa the glutathione system is the major protective defence against oxidative damage while in rabbit spermatozoa it is superoxide dismutase.
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PMID:Spontaneous lipid peroxidation and sperm metabolism during incubation in media simulating the oviductal microenvironment. 778 44

Channel catfish were collected on 11 different dates from October 1991 to July 1993 and acclimated in the laboratory to 7 degrees C, 15 degrees C, or 25 degrees C for 6 wk. Hepatosomatic index, mg protein mg-1 DNA, total liver DNA and protein, and the activities of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were measured to examine seasonal variation in the acclimation response. Liver and muscle cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were measured to compare tissue-specific responses. Hepatosomatic indexes of fall and winter channel catfish were highest at 7 degrees C, with values at 15 degrees C higher than at 25 degrees C, while spring and summer fish had the highest values at 15 degrees C, with values at 7 degrees C higher than those at 25 degrees C. Acclimation patterns for total liver protein and DNA, mg protein mg-1 DNA, and glycogen were generally higher in cold temperatures but varied seasonally in an unpredictable manner. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase demonstrated positive acclimation in the fall and winter; fish collected in the spring and summer showed little or inverse acclimation. Liver lactate dehydrogenase activity showed little or no positive compensation at any time of the year. Cytochrome oxidase activity showed positive acclimation in muscle but not liver. All liver enzymes, even those that showed marginal acclimation on a protein basis, showed positive acclimation when activity was expressed on a whole-liver basis.
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PMID:Seasonal variations in the temperature acclimation response of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. 923 74

A developmental block is induced by phosphate in rat embryos at the late two-cell stage. The present study was designed to examine the energy metabolism of rat two-cell blocked and non-blocked embryos. Enzyme activity was measured in individual embryos by histochemical techniques. The activities of malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphorylase did not differ among non-blocked and blocked embryos. However, the activity of succinate dehydrogenase was significantly decreased in blocked embryos compared with non-blocked embryos. In blocked embryos, cytochrome oxidase activity was distributed homogeneously, but was located at the perinuclear region in non-blocked embryos. Active mitochondrial organization was visualized using the fluorescent probe rhodamine 123 and laser scanning confocal microscopy. In both non-blocked and blocked embryos, mitochondria were distributed homogeneously. The concentration of H2O2 measured fluorometrically in embryos cultured without phosphate did not change significantly during the culture period, but decreased in embryos cultured with phosphate. The timing corresponded to the occurrence of the two-cell block. In summary, these results suggest that the developmental block in rat two-cell embryos is induced by disturbance of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
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PMID:Microscopic analysis of enzyme activity, mitochondrial distribution and hydrogen peroxide in two-cell rat embryos. 986 Nov 63


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