Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the effects of aging and denervation on the gene expression of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch gastrocnemius muscles. In a comparison between the control limbs of 6- and 24-month-old rats, the mRNA levels of UCP3, heart-type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP), and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) were considerably lower in the gastrocnemius muscles of the older rats, whereas no significant differences in the mRNA levels of those genes as well as UCP2 and cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (COX-IV) were observed in the soleus muscles of young and old rats. The UCP3 and COX-IV protein levels were also reduced considerably in the aged gastrocnemius muscles with atrophy. Denervation of the sciatic nerve caused an increase in UCP3 mRNA levels in both muscles, but the regulation of other genes contrasted between the two types of skeletal muscles. In spite of the increased mRNA level, a remarkable reduction in UCP3 protein was found in the denervated gastrocnemius muscles. These results indicate that the effects of aging and denervation on the gene expression of UCPs, HFABP, GLUT4, and COX-IV are different between the muscle types. The reduction in the mitochondrial UCP3 and COX proteins in aged fast-twitch muscles may have a negative effect on energy metabolism and thermogenesis in old animals.
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PMID:Effects of aging and denervation on the expression of uncoupling proteins in slow- and fast-twitch muscles of rats. 1215 30

Gene expression changes in the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic rats were not fully assessed, which were not previously known to be associated with hypercholesterolemia-related erectile dysfunction (ED). To provide molecular insight into pathophysiology of hypercholesterolemia-related ED and to investigate the effects of Udenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on gene expression, we performed microarray gene expression analysis via gene discovery methods using GenoCheck platinum cDNA chip (Ansan, S. Korea). Sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed 2% cholesterol diet for 5 months. Half of them were orally treated with Udenafil (20 mg/kg/day) simultaneously. Eight age-matched rats fed normal diet were served as normal control. RNA was extracted from corpus cavernosum and microarray analysis was performed. Decreased erectile responses and hypercholesterolemia were observed in hypercholesterolemic control group. In microarray analysis, 122 candidate genes were noted to be altered based on the magnitude of expression changes, which includes 44 down-regulated and 78 up-regulated genes compared with the age-matched normal controls. These changes were, however, significantly attenuated by treatment with Udenafil. Out of the 78 up-regulated genes, 8 genes were significantly decreased by the chronic treatment with Udenafil. The altered genes were cytochrome oxidase biogenesis protein OXA1, skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, lipophilin, fast skeletal muscle isoforms beta/alpha, myosin light chain 3, cytochrome c oxidase, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein and one EST gene. In contrast, among the 44 down-regulated genes, Kruppel-like factor 5 and cyclin D1 genes were increased after the Udenafil treatment. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding the pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia-related ED and offer clues on determining the underlying action mechanism of a PDE5 inhibitor.
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PMID:Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in the corpus cavernosum of hypercholesterolemic rats after chronic treatment with PDE5 inhibitor. 1713 5

Genetic selection in favor of muscle growth at the expense of fat should affect characteristics of muscles, and therefore beef quality. This study was conducted with two extreme groups of six animals selected among 64 Charolais young bulls ranked according to their genetic potential for muscle growth. Muscle characteristics were assessed in Rectus abdominis (RA, slow oxidative) and Semitendinosus (ST, fast glycolytic) muscles. Intramuscular fat content and proportions of myosin heavy chains I (slow) and IIA (fast oxido-glycolytic) and certain indicators of oxidative metabolism (activities of citrate synthase (CS), isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytochrome-c oxidase (COX); expression of H-fatty acid binding protein (FABP)) were higher in RA than in ST muscle. Genetic selection for muscle growth reduced intramuscular fat content and the activities of some oxidative metabolism indicators (namely CS, COX only). The positive correlation between muscle triacylglycerol content and A-FABP messenger RNA level (a marker of adipocyte differentiation) (r = 0.53, P < 0.05) suggests that A-FABP may be a good marker of the ability of bovines to deposit intramuscular fat. In conclusion, the metabolic muscle characteristics which respond to the selection process in favor of muscle growth clearly differ from the muscle characteristics which allow muscle types to be differentiated.
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PMID:Relationships between muscle growth potential, intramuscular fat content and different indicators of muscle fibre types in young Charolais bulls. 2312 28