Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histrochemistry of the adrenal glands was studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). It was impossible to demonstrate any reactivity to UDPG-GT, ADH, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, xilitol (NAD-dependent) dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase in these glands. Total phosphorylase was found in scattered cells of the glomerulosa and adjacent outer fasciculata of one C. penicillata. The dehydrogenases (LDH, G-6-PDH,6-PGDH, NADPH2-TR,ICDH,SDH,NADH2-TR, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH) as well as the hydrolases (except alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase) showed a stonger reactivity in the cortical part. Some hydrolases (naphthol acetate esterase, acid phosphatase) and cytochrome oxidase were less reactive in the zona glomerulosa, where the dehydrogenases were more abundant. The outer fasciculata and the reticularis also showed a strong dehydrogenase reactivity.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the adrenal glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 0 44

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic materia, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It is impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidas. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-1,6-P Ald and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, alpha-GPDH and beta-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1,6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2,-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPase at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penecillata). 14 13

The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C. penicillata show a moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase-resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH, MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 15 39

The histochemical and ultrastructural effects of extracorporeal circulation and aortic cross-clamping during coronary heart surgery have been examined in drill biopsy samples of the left ventricle in 22 patients. The biopsies were obtained before and after bypass with a DeSoutter drill. Histochemical studies indicated definite differences between control and experimental biopsies, with increased succinic dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, and LDH activity, while phosphorylase A and myosin ATPase activities declined. Furthermore, free phospholipid levels increased, as determined by the acid hematein reaction. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated loss of glycogen, intracellular swelling, and mitochondrial damage, which included loss of matrix density, loss of cristae, and eventual disruption in the postbypass biopsy. These results, which closely resemble the effects of ischemia and reperfusion observed in animal experiments, suggest that the initial insult is a change in membrane permeability regulation.
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PMID:Histochemical and structural changes in human myocardial cells after cardiopulmonary bypass. 16 88

Redox reactions were studied in 217 placentas obtained after partus maturus and pathological labor (premature labor, gestoses, incompatibility by Rh antigen, uterine inertia, placentas at early therapeutic and spontaneous abortions). Several uniform alterations were observed in activities of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate-, glutamate- and malate dehydrogenases. Increase in the activity of these enzymes was accompanied by alteration in distribution of LDH isoenzymes and by elevated formation of glutamic acid; activities of transaminases, cytochrome c and cytochrome oxidase were unaltered. The alterations observed appear to be due to activation of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms of placenta.
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PMID:[Role of oxidative processes in the realization of the adaptive mechanisms of the human placenta]. 59 4

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

Histoenzymologic differences between the parotid, paramandibular and submandibular glands were studied in six Callithrix jacchus (four males and two females) and four Callithrix penicillata (three males and one female). The acinous cells of the paramandibular glands showed a stronger reactivity for the diaphorases (NADH2-TR and NADPH2-TR) and for a certain group of enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (F-1-6P Ald, LDH, ADH, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH), lipid metabolism (alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), protein metabolism (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and GDH) and respiratory chain (cris-aconitase and ICDH). The nonspecific esterase was more reactive in the basal part of of the mucous cells of the submandibular glands. Conversely, some enzymes of the respiratory chain (SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPases) showed a stronger reactivity in the serous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. The paramandibular glands exhibited a lesser autonomic innervation than the parotid and submandibular.
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PMID:Histochemical differences between the major salivary glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 38

1. A number of dietary sugars are known to mediate the effects of copper deficiency. The effects of lactose (compared with sucrose) and a dietary Cu deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities and tissue mineral element status were investigated in the rat. 2. Groups (n 6) of male weanling Wistar rats were provided ad lib. with deionized water and diets containing sucrose (580 g/kg) or sucrose and lactose (387 g/kg and 193 g/kg respectively) with either control (12.0 mg/kg) or deficient (1.5 mg/kg) quantities of Cu for 77 d. 3. Animals consuming the low-Cu diets exhibited significantly decreased tissue Cu levels (P less than 0.01), hepatic and cardiac cytochrome c oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1, CCO) activities (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001 respectively) and hepatic Cu-zinc superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, CuZnSOD) activity (P less than 0.05). The low-Cu diets also significantly decreased cardiac manganese superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, MnSOD), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9, GSH-Px) activities (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001 respectively). 4. Hepatic Mn was significantly increased in both lactose-fed (P less than 0.001) and Cu-deficient (P less than 0.01) animals. These increases were unrelated to hepatic MnSOD activity. Cardiac Zn was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in Cu-deficient animals. 5. Lactose feeding resulted in significantly increased cardiac CCO activity (P less than 0.001) but significantly decreased hepatic CuZnSOD (P less than 0.05), catalase (P less than 0.01) and GSH-Px (P less than 0.001) activities. 6. The activities of lactose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49, G6PDH) were found to be significantly (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively) increased in Cu-deficient animals and G6PDH activity was significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased as a result of lactose consumption. 7. The observed changes in antioxidant enzyme activities associated with both Cu deficieny and lactose consumption may have important implications for the development of free radical mediated cell damage. However, no significant differences in either hepatic or cardiac levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation, were found.
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PMID:Effects of copper deficiency on hepatic and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities in lactose- and sucrose-fed rats. 253 51

In Eutherian (mammalian) spermatozoa, maturation and capacitation are associated to modifications of the metabolic activities. In order to demonstrate such variations, a quantitative cytochemical study was carried out on cytochrome oxidase and L-lactate dehydrogenase activities in mouse spermatozoa collected from the male and female genital tracts and at different times of the in vitro capacitation. Microdensitometric measurements were made on a Vickers M85 integrator microdensitometer at lambda = 480 +/- 5 nm and lambda = 585 +/- 5 nm wavelengths for the cytochrome oxidase and LDH activities, respectively. The cytochrome oxidase activity first decreases and then increases significantly both during maturation and during capacitation in vivo and in vitro. The LDH activity decreases significantly and gradually in the male and female genital tracts as well as in the course of in vitro capacitation where, however, an enhancement in the anaerobic glycolysis occurs.
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PMID:Microphotometric study on cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in mouse spermatozoa during maturation and in vivo and in vitro capacitation. 254 Jun 4

S-(1,2,3,4,4-Pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl)-L-cysteine (PCBC) has been identified as the penultimate compound responsible for hexachlorobutadiene-induced nephrotoxicity. The primary goal of these studies was to determine the mechanism of PCBC-induced toxicity in rabbit renal proximal tubules by examining the early changes in tubular physiology. PCBC (20-500 microM) induced a specific sequence of toxic events. Following 15 min of exposure, 200 microM PCBC increased basal (25%) and ouabain-insensitive (78%) respiration. This was followed by a decrease in basal (46%), nystatin-stimulated (54%), and ouabain-insensitive (21%) respiration and a decrease in glutathione content (79%). Finally, there was a decrease in cell viability as measured by a decrease in LDH retention at 60 min. Direct probing of mitochondrial function revealed that the initial increase in respiration resulted from the uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, while the late changes in respiration appeared to result from gross mitochondrial damage characterized by inhibited state 3 respiration, inhibited cytochrome c-cytochrome oxidase, and inhibited electron transport. Studies utilizing tubules with decreased glutathione content revealed that glutathione plays little if any role in the early events of PCBC-induced toxicity. These results suggest that PCBC-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may initiate the renal proximal tubule injury.
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PMID:A mechanism of S-(1,2,3,4,4-pentachloro-1,3-butadienyl)-L-cysteine toxicity to rabbit renal proximal tubules. 366 Apr 16


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