Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using histochemical determination of activity of the mitochondrial oxidative enzyme cytochrome oxidase (CO) in brain structures, metabolic activity both in turtles and in lizards has been shown to be higher in centers of the tectofugal channel (the tectal stratum griseum centrale, SGC; nucleus pretectalis ventralis, Ptv; thalamic nucleus rotundus, Rot; telencephalic visual area of the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, Advr) than in the thalamofugal channel centers (the thalamic nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis, GLd; cortex dorsolateralis, Cxdl; and pallial thickening, Path) of the visual system. Some interspecies differences in distribution of the CO activity in the tectal, thalamic, and telencephalic visual centers between terrestrial and pond turtles and lizards were revealed. The obtained data confirm the idea on the dominating role of the tectofugal channel over the thalamofugal channel of the visual system in information processing and organization of the day-to-day behavior of reptiles.
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PMID:[The level of metabolic activity (cytochrome oxidase) as an index of functional significance of tectofugal and thalamofugal channels of the reptilian visual system]. 1740 97

Distribution of activity of cytochrome oxidase (CO) and immunoreactivity to parvalbumin (Pv) and calbindin (Cb) was studied in the optic tectum of the pigeon (Columba livia). In the first link of the tectofugal pathway in the central gray layer (SGC = layer 13), small amounts of the CO-active and Pv-immunoreactive (Pv-ir) cellular bodies were revealed in its internal part (sublayer 13b). Some of these neurons located along the SGC lower boundary had long dendritic processes ascending into the superficial tectum layer (SGF). In the retinorecipient SGF sublayers and particularly in neuropil of the sublayers 4 and 7, the high CO activity correlating with Pv-immunoreactivity was found. It is suggested that a great contribution to metabolic activity of these sublayers is made by the largely branching dendritic processes of Pv-ir neurons of sublayer 13b. The projectional neurons SGC located in its external part (sublayer 13a) were CO-inactive and contained Cb. They sent long dendrites into sublayer 5b; in its neuropil, the high density of Cb-immunoreactivity and a moderate CO activity were detected. Thus, the tectal link of the pigeon tectofugal visual channel consists of two components--the Pv-specific, highly metabolically active and the Cb-specific, metabolically less active ones that transduce visual information from different retinorecipient SGF sublayers. The absence of the significant amount of CO-positive bodies of projectional neurons in SGC can be due to that metabolically more active are their dendritic arborizations in the SGF sublayers.
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PMID:[Components of the pigeon tectothalamic visual pathway, revealed with aid of study of cytochrome oxidase and immunoreactivity to calcium-binding proteins]. 2126 83

Using immunohistochemistry and tracer technique, we studied in the optic tectum of turtles (Emys orbicularis and Testudo horsfieldi) the distribution of CaBPr (parvalbumin, PV, calbindin, CB, calretinin, CR) before and after horseradish peroxidase delivery into nucleus rotundus (Rot). In parallel, activity of cytochrome oxidase (CO) was studied. In the main link of the tectofugal visual pathway (the central gray layer, SGC) in the both chelonian species rare PV-ir, as well CB- and CR-ir neurons were found to vary significantly both in the number and the immunoreactivity degree of their bodies and dendrites. The superficial (SGFS) and deep periventricular (SGP) tectal layers, on the contrary, contained numerous cells immunoreactive to all three CaBPr in different quantitative proportions. Only a small part of the retrogradely labeled tectorotundal neurons contained PV, CB or CR. Very large PV-ir neurons were not retrogradely labeled; by their morphological characteristics, they corresponded to efferent neurons with descending projections. SFC neurons of two chelonian species differed in the degree of CO activity. In SGFS, dense immunoreactivity of neuropil to all three CaBPr and the high CO activity were observed in both species with some differences in sublaminar distribution for every of proteins. Peculiarities of distribution of CaBPr-ir and of CO activity in various segments of SGC neurons are discussed with respect to laminar organization of the turtle tectum and to patterns of its retinal innervations. It was proposed that in projectional tectorotundal SGC neurons, the studied CaBPr are concentrated mainly in their distal dendrites contacting with retinal afferents in the superficial retinorecipient tectal layer.
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PMID:[Calcium-binding proteins and cytochrome oxidase activity in the turtle optic tectum characterzing the visual tectofugal pathway]. 2543 93