Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Isolates of Cephalosporium maydis varied in their pathogenicity to D.C. 67 maize cultivar from highly to weakly pathogenic. Highly pathogenic isolates showed lower activity of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, cytochrome oxidase, and beta-glucosidase enzymes and higher activity of catalase and dehydrogenase than weakly pathogenic isolates. Enzymes production by the tested isolates increased as the culture age increased; except in case of catalase enzyme, the reverse action was detected. The role of these enzymes in the virulence of C. maydis is suggested and discussed.
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PMID:The role of certain oxidative enzymes, catalase, and beta-glucosidase on virulence of Cephalosporium maydis. 9 10

The parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule has been analyzed by enzyme cytochemistry in kidneys of mice (C57BL/6J) from birth to 50 days of age. There is a greater tendency for cells in the central portions of the capsular crescent to be cuboidal in post-pubertal males than in pre-pubertal mice of either sex or in post-pubertal females where they are generally squamous; moreover, these heightened capsular cells have a distinct microvillous border. Cytochemical procedures were selected which might confirm the morphological suggestion that the cuboidal parietal epithelium possesses an absorptive capacity. The oxidoreductase activity of the mitochondria of the cuboidal cells of this layer is comparable to that of the columnar cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. The cytochrome oxidase activity of the mitochondria in both of these segments of the nephron is intense. This is in sharp contrast to the unreactive mitochondria in the squamous cells of the parietal epithelium. Furthermore, a striking heterogeneity in the degree of cytochrome oxidase activity is evident in the mitochondria of the cuboidal parietal cells as well as in the cells of the proximal tubules. In the former cells, active mitochondria were generally found near microvilli at the apical ends and in the areas of the basal infoldings whereas those in a central position were more frequently unreactive. The brush border of the cuboidal capsular epithelium had prominent alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase activities as has previously been observed in other brush borders. Functional capacity corresponding to the morphological and cytochemical specialization of the cuboidal capsular cells was demonstrated by their uptake of horseradish peroxidase. This exogenous protein tracer could be seen in apical vacuoles and phagosomes in the cuboidal parietal epithelium. The cytochemical resemblance of the cells of this epithelium to those of the proximal convoluted tubules suggests a similar involvement in resorption and perhaps in active transport. A possible relationship of this differentiation of the capsular epithelium to the proteinuria normal for adult male mice is discussed.
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PMID:Cytochemical correlates of structural sexual dimorphism in glandular tissues of the mouse. I. Studies of the renal glomerular capsule. 17 Dec 42

The object of the study was to investigate the occurrence and localization of oxidative enzymes in the redia -- the third larval stage of Fasciola hepatica L. The author detected cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, NADH and NADPH tetrazolium reductases (diaphorases), as well as succinate, isocitrate, malate, lactate, alpha-glycerophosphate, glyceraldehyde phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-glutamate, and alcohol dehydrogenases. The presence and localization of the enzymes in various periods of development of the redia were detected with histochemical methods. Out of the studied oxidases and dehydrogenases only cytochrome oxidase was found to be absent from the stages of young rediae. It was ascertained that the redia uses all three paths of release of energy i.e. the glycolytic, Krebs, and pentose cycles, glycolysis being presumably the principal mode of energy production.
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PMID:Oxidative enzymes in the development of Fasciola hepatica L. IV. The activity of oxidases and dehydrogenases in redia. 17 35

The object of the study was the investigation of the occurrence and localization of oxidative enzymes in the 4th and 5th larval stages of the liver fluke, i. e. in the cercaria and metacercaria. The following enzymes were detected: cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase, NADH and NADPH tetrazolium reductases/diaphorases) as well as succinate, isocitrate, malate, lactate, alpha-glycerophosphate, glyceraldehyde phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, L-glutamate and alcohol dehydrogenases. The occurrence and localization of the enzymes were investigated histochemically in the cercaria still unreleased from the snail tissues, in the free natatorial cercaria, and in the encysted specimen, i.e. metacercaria. Among the enzymes studied only peroxidase was found to be absent from the cercaria and metacercaria, the latter larva being deprived of alcohol and L-glutamate dehydrogenases as well. The aerobic path, i.e. the Krebs cycle, was ascertained as the principal mode of obtaining energy in the free natatorial cercaria and metacercaria, and glycolysis as the main energy path for the undetached larva. The analysis of the above-mentioned oxidative enzymes was the basis for the description, within the available range, of the function and metabolism of individual organs of cercaria in different periods of its development. In the recapitulation the author discusses the effect of the parasitic way of life of the larval forms of Fasciola hepatica on their energy metabolism.
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PMID:Oxidative enzymes in the development of Fasciola hepatica L. V. Activity of oxidases and dehydrogenases in the Cercaria and Metacercaria. 17 36

The article deals with oxidation of different substrates, intensity of glycolytic and glycogenolytic processes in mitochondria and homogenates of dog liver with its 2-hour exclusion from circulation under conditions of endotracheal ether-oxygen narcosis. It was established that already 30-60-minute ischemia causes a decrease in intensity of succinate, alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation and acceptor respiration, inhibiton in the activity of the citrate cycle enzymes; succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, isocytrate dehydrogenase. The activity of NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenasedehydrogenase and Mg2+-ATPase as well as intensity of NADN oxidation in mitochondria increase. After 2-hour ischemia the activity of Mg2+-ATPase, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase lowers. A sharply developed glycogenolysis is accompanied by inhibition of phosphorylase activity and a two-fold stimulation of the glycolytic reactions. Peculiarities in regulation of enzymatic reactions under conditions of ischemia and their role in origin of metabolism disturbances in the liver are under discussion.
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PMID:[Carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in acute ischemia]. 17 60

The activity of cytochrome oxidase in tissues was decreased in short-term adaptation to reduce pO2 and administration of KCN in small doses. In the former case the activities of peroxidase and catalase were increased in blood. These effects as well as administration of Na2ATP into rats led to an increase in water content in tissues, to soption of acidic vital stain (phenol red) and to decrease in the ether-soluble fraction of lipids. The alterations were accompanied by decreased permeability of cells to n-hexane (estimation by gas-liquid chromatography). The decrease in cell permeability for nonelectrolytes was apparently due to conformational alterations in protein molecule of cytoplasmic membranes.
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PMID:[Hypoxia and tissue permeability for non-electrolytes]. 19 82

The ultrastructural localization of the activities of two enzyme systems in the culture forms of Leishmania donovani was shown by means of the diaminobenzidine techniques. The consistent deposition of electron dense reaction product of DAB oxidation without H2O2 in the kinetoplast and mitochondrial cristae and membranes was taken as evidence of the presence of cytochrome oxidase activity and cytochrome c. In the presence of H2O2, a more intense DAB oxidation was attributed to the activity of a peroxidase, possibly cytochrome c peroxidase. Mitochondrial and kinetoplast reactions to DAB were completely inhibited by KCN, methanol-nitroprusside, and by heating to 50 degrees C for 10 min. On the other hand, no inhibitory effect was observed with 100 mM 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Under all conditions of incubation tested, the microbodies were completely unreactive to DAB staining, which was utilized as the basis for their identification. These organelles are rounded, moderately electron-opaque bodies with a finely granular matrix and fine tubules or cores and are limited by a single membrane. Under normal staining method, the microbodies were indistinguishable from the rounded sections of mitochondria.
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PMID:Ultrastructural localization of diaminobenzidine reactivity in leishmania donovani promastigotes. 19 23

Cytochemical changes during the early development of maize caryopsis are reported. Changes in the localization of different reserve substances (e.g. polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids) and enzymes (acid phosphatase, esterase, lipase, phosphorylase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase) have been studied in unfertilized and fertilized ovules. Before pollination very feeble enzyme activity (acid phosphatase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase) was observed. Reserve substances were present in low amounts before pollination. Pollination stimulated the accumulation of several substances and enzymes in the tip of the nucellus, micropylar zone. Just prior to, during and after fertilization, the cells in the micropylar zone had strong reaction for several enzymes indicating temporary enhancement of metabolic activity in the micropylar zone. The role of antipodals in the storage of reserve food products and nutrition of embryo and early stages of endosperm development is discussed. The pattern of enzymatic changes within the embryo sac reflected the biochemical changes operative during quiescent and active stages. The nucellus of Zea mays contains many enzymes required for hydrolysis of reserved food substances. A role of acid phosphatase in autolysis of nucellar cells, after fertilization is suggested. Post-fertilization increase in the activity of enzymes and accumulation of reserve materials is interpreted as reflecting a presumed increase in the metabolic rate relative to growth and differentiation.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on reserve substances and enzymes in female gametophyte of Zea mays. 20 21

The effect of oxygen concentration and limitation of the cultural growth by the substrate to be oxidized on the functionation of the respiration chain and the ratio of cytochromes a : c : b was studied in intact cells of Candida mycoderma. As the concentration of oxygen in the medium decreases and the growth of the culture slows down, the cyanide-resistant pathway of electron transport (CrPET), which is inhibited by benzhydroxamic acid, is found in the yeast cells. At the same time, the content of cytochrome a in the cells decreases, probably because cytochrome oxidase is now less involved in electron transport via CrPET, whereas the content of cytochromes c and b increases. The latter fact seems to be due to the activation of the cytochrome-c-peroxidase pathway of electron transport whose functioning in the studied strain of C. mycoderma has been shown earlier. CrPET was found to function also at a high concentration of oxygen, but under conditions of the transition of the culture to the stationary phase, as well as during the incubation of resting cells taken at the exponential phase of growth. The manifestation of CrPET in conditions of a low concentration of oxygen can be caused not only by the direct effect of its deficiency on the respiration chain, but also by a change in the physiological state of yeast cells at their growth decelerates or ceases.
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PMID:[Effect of oxygen concentration and the physiological state of cells on the respiration chain of Candida mycoderma]. 20 40

A comparative study of the enzymes delta5-3beta-HSD, cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase has been made in the ovaries and uterus of mammals (mouse, guinea pig, cat and dog) during various reproductive phases. The granulosa cells of developing follicles, hypertrophied interstitial cells of thecal origin and the luteal cells show intense delta5-3beta-HSD and cytochrome oxidase activity. Peroxidases are found to be present in the corpus luteum and the epithelial cords of thecal origin. delta5-3beta-HSD and cytochrome oxidase activity is localized to the endometrium and myometrium of mature and pregnant uterus of mouse and guinea pig, while peroxidase is seen only in the decidua and endometrial glands of pregnant animals. The significance of these enzymes is discussed in relation to the cellular basis of luteinization and steroid hormone synthesis.
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PMID:Comparative histochemical study of the enzyme changes in the ovary and uterus of mammals with special references to steroidogenesis. 21 Jun 14


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