Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule has been analyzed by enzyme cytochemistry in kidneys of mice (C57BL/6J) from birth to 50 days of age. There is a greater tendency for cells in the central portions of the capsular crescent to be cuboidal in post-pubertal males than in pre-pubertal mice of either sex or in post-pubertal females where they are generally squamous; moreover, these heightened capsular cells have a distinct microvillous border. Cytochemical procedures were selected which might confirm the morphological suggestion that the cuboidal parietal epithelium possesses an absorptive capacity. The oxidoreductase activity of the mitochondria of the cuboidal cells of this layer is comparable to that of the columnar cells of the proximal convoluted tubule. The cytochrome oxidase activity of the mitochondria in both of these segments of the nephron is intense. This is in sharp contrast to the unreactive mitochondria in the squamous cells of the parietal epithelium. Furthermore, a striking heterogeneity in the degree of cytochrome oxidase activity is evident in the mitochondria of the cuboidal parietal cells as well as in the cells of the proximal tubules. In the former cells, active mitochondria were generally found near microvilli at the apical ends and in the areas of the basal infoldings whereas those in a central position were more frequently unreactive. The brush border of the cuboidal capsular epithelium had prominent alkaline phosphatase and aminopeptidase activities as has previously been observed in other brush borders. Functional capacity corresponding to the morphological and cytochemical specialization of the cuboidal capsular cells was demonstrated by their uptake of horseradish peroxidase. This exogenous protein tracer could be seen in apical vacuoles and phagosomes in the cuboidal parietal epithelium. The cytochemical resemblance of the cells of this epithelium to those of the proximal convoluted tubules suggests a similar involvement in resorption and perhaps in active transport. A possible relationship of this differentiation of the capsular epithelium to the proteinuria normal for adult male mice is discussed.
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PMID:Cytochemical correlates of structural sexual dimorphism in glandular tissues of the mouse. I. Studies of the renal glomerular capsule. 17 Dec 42

Morphometric, histological and histochemical studies were carried out on the sublingual salivary glands of the Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius). The glands are of the tubulo-acinar type and consist of many lobules that are composed of two types of cells, mucoserous and seromucous. The mucoserous cells form the main secretory units of the gland but seromucous cells are much more seldom and form associated acini. The former cells secrete and elaborate large quantities of neutral mucosubstances, sialomucins and little sulphomucins while only the apical portion of the latter cells shows weak to moderate activity for neutral and acid mucosubstances. The histoenzymological tests employed here detected a considerable activity of alkaline phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase, aminopeptidase and non-specific esterases, but weak activities of cytochrome oxidase, peroxidase and no activities of triacylglycerol lipase, beta-glucoronidase and amylase. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Structure and histochemistry of the sublingual salivary glands of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). 213 94

We have undertaken the analytical fractionation of epithelial cells from toad urinary bladder, a tissue extensively used to study epithelial transport of ions and water. In an attempt to establish markers for the main subcellular organelles, a number of enzymes were assayed in cell homogenates. The nearly ubiquitous plasma membrane marker 5'-nucleotidase, and the transferases that donate N-acetylglucosaminyl, galactosyl, and sialyl residues to glycoproteins and glycolipids in the Golgi complex were not detectable. Glucose-6-phosphatase activity was low in relation to that of nonspecific phosphatases and, therefore, not suitable for identifying the endoplasmic reticulum. Like the cytosolic enzyme lactate, dehydrogenase, catalase was essentially found in the high-speed supernatant, with a noteworthy part of aminopeptidase (substrate, leucyl-beta-naphthylamide) and NAD glycohydrolase. Other enzymes, including cytochrome c oxidase, acid phosphatase, acid N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alkaline phosphatase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, nucleoside diphosphatase (substrate ADP), oligomycin-resistant Mg++-ATPase, and mannosyltransferase (acceptor, dolichylphosphate) were fairly active and largely sedimentable. After differential centrifugation, cytochrome oxidase, acid phosphatase, and acid N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were typically associated with the large granule fraction, whereas the other sedimentable enzymes exhibited a broad distribution profile overlapping the nuclear, large granule, and microsome fractions. Their behavior in density equilibrium centrifugation is examined in a companion paper.
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PMID:Subcellular fractionation of epithelial cells from toad urinary bladder. 1. Assay of marker enzymes and differential centrifugation. 250 71

Cytoplasmic granules obtained from toad urinary bladder epithelial cells were brought to buoyancy in a linear sucrose gradient. The gradient was loaded either with untreated cytoplasmic granules, or with granules treated with Na pyrophosphate (PPi), with digitonin, or with PPi and digitonin in succession. The following enzymes were assayed in the gradient subfractions: oligomycin-insensitive Mg++-ATPase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, alkaline phosphatase, acid N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cytochrome oxidase, nucleoside diphosphatase (substrate, ADP), aminopeptidase (substrate, leucyl-beta-naphthylamide), and mannosyltransferase (acceptor, dolichylphosphate). Comparison of the density distributions of enzymes in untreated and treated preparations led to the characterization of 4 distinct subcellular entities. In agreement with the properties of mitochondria from other cell types, cytochrome oxidase buoys at 1.18 within a narrow density range and its behavior is not significantly altered by PPi or digitonin. Under all conditions, acid N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase is recovered over a broad density range in the lower part of the gradient and appears as a qualified lysosomal marker. Mg++-ATPase, alkaline phosphodiesterase I, and alkaline phosphatase belong to a group with the distinguishing features of a low equilibrium density in native cytoplasmic granules and a marked shift (+0.03 density units) after digitonin treatment. Such properties are typical of the plasma membranes. Part of the aminopeptidase activity probably also belongs to plasma membrane-derived elements. Minor differences between alkaline phosphatase and the other 2 members of that group make it possible that their distribution domains in the membrane do not overlap or coincide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Subcellular fractionation of epithelial cells from toad urinary bladder. 2. Isopycnic centrifugation and effect of density perturbants. 255 74

The enzyme cytochemistry and proportion of mononuclear cells exclusively present within degenerating muscle fibres of the soleus of rats 24 h after a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (10 mg/kg) were studied. The following enzymes displayed strong cytochemical activities within these cells: non-specific esterase (against naphthol AS-D acetate and alpha-naphthylacetate), aminopeptidase (against leucine-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide) and dipeptidyl peptidase II. A peroxidatic activity was also present, but was found to arise from cytochrome oxidase in phagocytosed muscle mitochondria. The aminopeptidase activity in the monocytic cells increased by roughly 50% between 6 and 24 h after 5-HT administration. Dipeptidyl peptidase II was found, by the use of appropriate inhibitors, to be present in both mononuclear cells and muscle fibres and may be implicated in degrading the basal lamina of muscle fibres, thereby permitting access to the mononuclear cells. The morphological, enzyme histochemical and electron microscopical evidence suggest that the cells which invade muscle fibres in the early stages of a myopathy induced by 5-HT in rats are actively phagocytosing, mature macrophages.
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PMID:Some histochemical observations on invasive cells in a myopathy induced in rats with 5-hydroxytryptamine. 652 33

The cytochrome oxidase (CO), aminopeptidase (AMP), succinic dehydrogenase (SD), acid phosphatase, esterase, and alkaline phosphatase of rabbit mononuclear (MN) and polymorphonuclear (PMN) peritoneal exudate cells and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) - air dried on Mylar strips - were characterized by histochemical techniques with respect to stability, activators, inhibitors, and pH optima. A granule count method was established for the quantitation of these enzymes. For the acid phosphatase of MN, in which the most precise results were obtained, time, pH, substrate, and inhibitor curves resembled those commonly obtained biochemically. Five of these enzymes were usually more active in AM than MN, whereas the sixth, alkaline phosphatase, was not present in either cell type. AM also tended to consume more oxygen than MN and to divide more frequently. Since the most active cells in the population would be first involved in the host's defense against microbial agents, a comparison was made of the 10 per cent of the AM and MN with the highest enzymatic activities. No differences were found in the granule counts that were not reflected by the means. However, within a given AM population, cells containing ingested dust particles seemed to have higher enzymatic activities than those without particles. MN had greater acid phosphatase and SD activities than PMN and consumed more oxygen, but the CO, AMP, and esterase activites of both types of cells were of similar magnitude. PMN showed high alkaline phosphatase activity; MN showed none. A survey of the histochemical literature indicates that a positive correlation between the enzymatic and phagocytic activities of both MN and PMN exists in vivo.
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PMID:A histochemical study of phagocytic and enzymatic functions of rabbit mononuclear and polymorphonuclear exudate cells and alveolar macrophages. I. Survey and quantitation of enzymes, and states of cellular activation. 1402 72