Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histrochemistry of the adrenal glands was studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). It was impossible to demonstrate any reactivity to UDPG-GT, ADH, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, xilitol (NAD-dependent) dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and aryl-sulfatase in these glands. Total phosphorylase was found in scattered cells of the glomerulosa and adjacent outer fasciculata of one C. penicillata. The dehydrogenases (LDH, G-6-PDH,6-PGDH, NADPH2-TR,ICDH,SDH,NADH2-TR, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH) as well as the hydrolases (except alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, and acetylcholinesterase) showed a stonger reactivity in the cortical part. Some hydrolases (naphthol acetate esterase, acid phosphatase) and cytochrome oxidase were less reactive in the zona glomerulosa, where the dehydrogenases were more abundant. The outer fasciculata and the reticularis also showed a strong dehydrogenase reactivity.
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the adrenal glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 0 44

The histochemistry of the neural cells was studied in the submandibular ganglia of 5 Callithrix jacchus (3 males and 2 females) and 4 Callithrix penicillata (2 males and 2 females). These cells contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, nucleoproteins and lipidic materia, but are apparently devoid of glycogen. It is impossible to demonstrate in them any reactivity for UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, ATPase at pH 6.3, leucine aminopeptidase and alanyl aminopeptidas. The reaction for the other searched enzymes was as follows: weak (F-1,6-P Ald and cytochrome oxidase), weak to moderate (ADH, 6-P-GDH, ICDH, SDH, MDH, alpha-GPDH and beta-OHBDH), moderate (G-6-PDH, F-1,6-PA, LDH and GDH), moderate to strong (ATPase at pH 7.4, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase) and strong (G-6-PA, NADH2,-TR, NADPH2-TR, ATPase at pH 8.5 and 9.4 and alkaline phosphatase).
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PMID:Histochemical studies on the submandibular ganglia of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penecillata). 14 13

The epithelial cells in the taste buds of C. jacchus and C. penicillata show a moderate amount of ribonucleic acid an a concentration of a PAS-positive diastase-resistant material at their apical part. These cells are devoid of UDPG-GT, phosphorylases, G-6-PA, alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase, cholinesterase and MAO; they present a weak reaction of F-1, 6-P Ald, LDH, SDH, MDH, cytochrome oxidase, beta-OHBDH, nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase and a stronger reaction to ADH, NADPH2-TR, ATPases, alpha-GPDH, alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and GDH. Although some enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, 5-nucleotidase and ATPases) have an almost uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller uniform reactivity by the several taste buds, the other ones react with a lesser intensity in the smaller taste buds of the fungiform papillae. As a rule the apical part of the cells shows a stronger enzymatic reactivity. The taste buds of the marmosets are penetrated by acetylcholinesterase positive nerve fibers whereas the autonomic ganglia in the connective tissue contain both-acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase.
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PMID:Histochemical observations on the taste buds of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 15 39

The structure and histochemistry of the palmar and plantar skin were studied in four adult male marmosets (two Callithrix jacchus and two Callithrix penicillata). In this skin there exist well-developed epidermal ridges, to which are attached one or two ducts of sweat glands. A thick stratum corneum can be seen in the epidermis, while a distinct stratum lucidum cannot be isolated from the other layers. The stratum granulosum is constituted by one or three layers of cells containing keratohyalin granules. Melanin granulations are mainly concentrated in the basal cells of the epidermal ridges. Dendritic melanocytes and amelanotic melanocytes containing alkaline phosphatase are found among the epidermal cells. Glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylases are mainly present in the middle and lower Malpighian cells of the epidermal ridges. Alkaline phosphatase, ATPase, alanyl amino-peptidase and leucine aminopeptidase were absent in the epidermal cells. SDH, cytochrome oxidase, MAO and a certain number of NAD-dependent dehydrogenases (LDH, ADH, MDH, alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH and GDH) showed a stronger reactivity in the basal cells and Malpighian layer. The NADP-dependent enzymes (G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, cis-aconistase and ICDH) were more reactive in the upper Malpighian layer and stratum granulosum. The stratum corneum showed some acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase reactivity. The collagenous fibers intertwined with a small number of very thin elastic ones and a larger amount of reticular fibers run almost parallel to the epidermal ridges in the papillary body. In the reticular dermis some fibers are disposed transversely to the epidermal ridges. Meissner corpuscles reactive to butyrylcholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase, nonspecific esterase and G-6-PA are disposed at regular intervals and frequently at each side of the epidermal ridges. Pacinian corpuscles were found only in the hypodermis. The eccrine sweat glands contain glycogen, UDPG-GT and phosphorylase in their secretory, ductal and myoepithelial cells. The secretory part shows a uniform reactivity for every dehydrogenase because it contains only one type of cells (clear cells). The intraepidermal segment of the ducts shows a stronger reactivity to nonspecific esterase and NADP-dependent dehydrogenases than the epithelial cells around it.
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PMID:The skin of the palms and soles of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 86

Histoenzymologic differences between the parotid, paramandibular and submandibular glands were studied in six Callithrix jacchus (four males and two females) and four Callithrix penicillata (three males and one female). The acinous cells of the paramandibular glands showed a stronger reactivity for the diaphorases (NADH2-TR and NADPH2-TR) and for a certain group of enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism (F-1-6P Ald, LDH, ADH, G-6-PDH and 6-PGDH), lipid metabolism (alpha-GPDH, beta-OHBDH, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase), protein metabolism (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and GDH) and respiratory chain (cris-aconitase and ICDH). The nonspecific esterase was more reactive in the basal part of of the mucous cells of the submandibular glands. Conversely, some enzymes of the respiratory chain (SDH, cytochrome oxidase and ATPases) showed a stronger reactivity in the serous cells of the parotid and submandibular glands. The paramandibular glands exhibited a lesser autonomic innervation than the parotid and submandibular.
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PMID:Histochemical differences between the major salivary glands of the marmosets (Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata). 82 38

Blue and non-blue states of the copper center in copper-substituted alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) can be attained by coenzyme binding and/or ligand binding to the copper ion. Copper alcohol dehydrogenase has been studied by electronic absorption, CD and EPR spectroscopy in the presence and absence of coenzyme. On the basis of previous work on blue (Type 1) copper proteins with a CuSS*N2 chromophore the assignment of charge transfer transitions in copper alcohol dehydrogenase is discussed. The latter contains a CuS2N(OH2) unit in the ligand-free protein and a CuS2N2 unit in the ternary complex with NAD+ and pyrazole. It is proposed that the energy of the charge transfer transitions can be used as a structural marker in combination with EPR data. A comparison is made between the spectroscopic properties of the ternary complex of copper alcohol dehydrogenase and the copper centers in stellacyanin and cytochrome-c oxidase (CuA) in order to test the validity of recent structural models of the type CuS2N2, i.e., a cupric ion coordinated to two thiolate ligands. Finally, a close resemblance between the electronic absorption spectra of copper alcohol dehydrogenase and those of other variants of Type 1 copper centers such as the 'unusual' copper center of nitrous oxide reductase is noted as an indication of similar coordination environments.
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PMID:Electronic absorption and EPR spectroscopy of copper alcohol dehydrogenase: pink, violet and green forms of a type 1 copper center analog. 303 63

Chicks were fed on diets containing either no added vitamin A or 3300 micrograms/kg or 330,000 micrograms/kg retinol equivalents for 30 d. Concentrations of copper, iron and zinc were higher in liver and lower in plasma at low and high intakes of vitamin A. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and erythrocyte levels were depressed by both low and high vitamin A intake and could be related to vitamin A levels by quadratic equations. The Zn and Fe levels in erythrocytes and serum albumin and ceruloplasmin were also affected in a similar fashion by low or high vitamin A diets. Hepatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) and cytochrome oxidase (EC 1.9.3.1) paralleled Zn and Cu concentrations respectively. Superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) and hydrolysis of triolein and retinyl palmitate were not correlated significantly with concentrations of metals but were correlated negatively with log vitamin A concentration. No changes in bone concentrations of Cu, Fe or Zn were detected. It is suggest that vitamin A influences metabolism of Cu, Fe and Zn possibly, in part, due to a decrease in secretion of transport proteins by the liver.
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PMID:The effect of different dietary levels of vitamin A on metabolism of copper iron and zinc in the chick. 303 14

1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells grown in limiting K(+) concentration have their growth inhibited by O(2) concentrations above 40%. With these conditions the cells grow very large and are unable to maintain ionic gradients when washed with water. 2. Cells grown in excess of K(+) showed the same pattern of change in cell size with change in O(2) concentration, but the magnitude of the changes was much less. Cells grown in excess of K(+) were not leaky. 3. Cell death, growth and development of ;leakiness' were not correlated in the cells grown in limiting K(+) concentration. 4. The activities of both alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase were higher in K(+)-deficient cells than in the cells grown with excess of K(+). The differences were much larger when the measurements were made on a cellular basis than when made on a protein basis. 5. In 100% O(2) 3mm-K(+) in the medium was sufficient to produce normal yeast cells.
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PMID:The effect of oxygen concentration on the growth and metabolism of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown with excess of potassium or in potassium-deficient media. 434 88

The present study demonstrates the importance of mitochondrial activities in controlling Mucor rouxii morphogenesis. The respiratory capacity of the spores of this facultatively anaerobic, dimorphic fungus becomes repressed if germination and growth take place in the absence of oxygen. The level of activity of mitochondrial enzymes such as cytochrome oxidase and malate dehydrogenase is lower in the anaerobic yeastlike cells than it is in ungerminated spores and in aerobic hyphae, but the reverse is true for glycolytic enzymes such as pyruvate kinase and alcohol dehydrogenase. Following exposure to air, yeastlike cells convert into hyphae after a lag period corresponding to aerobic adaptation. Anaerobic cultures grown in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at a concentration of 10(-4) M exhibit hyphal morphology. These cells, which are fully adapted to anaerobic fermentation, nevertheless have potentially active mitochondria with the same levels of respiratory enzymes as ungerminated spores. These cells are able to grow immediately after aeration, without an adaptation lag. Evidence is presented which indicates that the morphogenetic effect of EDTA is not the result of elimination of free metals. Additional evidence proving mitochondrial control of morphogenesis in M. rouxii is that chloramphenicol (4 mg/ml) induced the formation of respiratory-deficient, yeastlike cells in aerobic cultures.
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PMID:Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetate and chloramphenicol on mitochondrial activity and morphogenesis in Mucor rouxii. 435 71

The energy metabolism of the English E-CMO strain of contagious equine metritis bacterium was studied in whole cells and cell extracts. This bacterium appears to have an active Krebs cycle and probably obtains energy by oxidative phosphorylation since glycolysis and the hexose monophosphate pathways appear to be absent. These conclusions are based on the findings that [U-14C]glucose incorporation by this bacterium is below the level of detection, and that respiration is stimulated by Krebs cycle intermediates (i.e., malate, citrate, and succinate), but not by glucose, fructose, maltose, or sucrose. Furthermore, support comes from the fact that enzymes generally associated with the Krebs cycle and electron transport (i.e., malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase [decarboxylating], cytochrome oxidase, superoxide dismutase, NADH dehydrogenase, and catalase) were detected. Those enzymes normally associated with glycolysis and the hexose monophosphate pathways (i.e., hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose biphosphate aldolase, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, pyruvate kinase, phosphate acetyl transferase, acetate kinase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were below the level of detection.
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PMID:Energy metabolism of the contagious equine metritis bacterium. 708 71


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