Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:1.9.3.1 (cytochrome oxidase)
 8,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The morphology, laminar distribution, and distribution relative to cytochrome oxidase patches of neuropeptide-Y immunoreactive (NPY-ir) neurons were studied in the human striate cortex. The density of NPY-ir cells was highest in the white matter. NPY-ir neurons were sparsely distributed within the cortical layers. NPY-ir neurons were located in both cytochrome oxidase dense patch and interpatch regions. However, the paucity of NPY-ir neurons in layer III, where cytochrome oxidase patches are most clearly demonstrated, precluded establishing a clear relationship of NPY-ir neurons to cytochrome oxidase patches. NPY-ir neurons exhibited a variety of nonpyramidal morphologies, and many of them had axons with recurrent or looped trajectories. A dense plexus of NPY-ir axons was located just beneath the pia, and these axons were concentrated at the entry points of pial blood vessels. Other NPY-ir neurons had cell bodies or processes in close proximity to cerebral capillaries. These results suggest a role of NPY in cortical metabolism, control of cerebral circulation, or activity-related changes in local blood flow.
 ...
PMID:Morphology and laminar distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactive neurons in the human striate cortex. 131 83

Heart transplantation involves chronic effects due to denervation, rejection, and treatment of rejection. The chronically denervated dog heart provides a model for the effects of denervation alone. These hearts have been shown to contain intrinsic neurons with VIP and NPY as possible neurotransmitters. Myocardial tissue noradrenaline concentration falls to very low levels after degeneration of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, but dopamine remains in near-normal concentration and is probably synthesized extraneuronally. ANP is present and released normally; however, the natriuretic response to atrial distension is blunted, suggesting that this response is mainly due to a reflex mechanism. Chronically denervated myocardial tissue exhibits increased oxygen consumption in vitro and increased Na-K, ATPase activity but has normal tissue levels of ATP and creatine phosphate. Glucose oxidation is inhibited in vivo, associated with increased levels of fructose-6-phosphate but normal glucose-6-phosphate, suggesting inhibition of phosphofructokinase activity. However, the enzyme protein concentration of phosphofructokinase, as judged by maximal in vitro activity, is normal. Maximal in vitro activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, calcium-dependent ATPase, and glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase are also normal. From these findings, we would predict that patients with transplanted hearts are likely to show myocardial metabolic inefficiency.
 ...
PMID:Cellular abnormalities in chronically denervated myocardium. Implications for the transplanted heart. 253 6